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18.14Flying GPS Approaches
18.14.1Determining which area of the TAA the
aircraft will enter when flying a T" with a TAA must
be accomplished using the bearing and distance to the
IF(IAF). This is most critical when entering the TAA
in the vicinity of the extended runway centerline and
determining whether you will be entering the right or
left base area. Once inside the TAA, all sectors and
stepdowns are based on the bearing and distance to
the IAF for that area, which the aircraft should be
proceeding direct to at that time, unless on vectors.
(See FIG ENR 1.5−14 and FIG ENR 1.5−15.)
18.14.2Pilots should fly the full approach from an
Initial Approach Waypoint (IAWP) or feeder fix
unless specifically cleared otherwise. Randomly
joining an approach at an intermediate fix does not
assure terrain clearance.
18.14.3When an approach has been loaded in the
flight plan, GPS receivers will give an arm"
annunciation 30 NM straight line distance from the
airport/heliport reference point. Pilots should arm the
approach mode at this time, if it has not already been
armed (some receivers arm automatically). Without
arming, the receiver will not change from en route
ENR 4.1−32 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
CDI and RAIM sensitivity of ±5 NM either side of
centerline to ±1 NM terminal sensitivity. Where the
IAWP is inside this 30 mile point, a CDI sensitivity
change will occur once the approach mode is armed
and the aircraft is inside 30 NM. Where the IAWP is
beyond 30 NM from the airport/heliport reference
point, CDI sensitivity will not change until the
aircraft is within 30 miles of the airport/heliport
reference point even if the approach is armed earlier.
Feeder route obstacle clearance is predicated on the
receiver being in terminal (±1 NM) CDI sensitivity
and RAIM within 30 NM of the airport/heliport
reference point, therefore, the receiver should always
be armed (if required) not later than the 30 NM
annunciation.
18.14.4The pilot must be aware of what bank
angle/turn rate the particular receiver uses to compute
turn anticipation, and whether wind and airspeed are
included in the receiver’s calculations. This information
should be in the receiver operating manual. Over
or under banking the turn onto the final approach
course may significantly delay getting on course and
may result in high descent rates to achieve the next
segment altitude.
18.14.5When within 2 NM of the FAWP with the
approach mode armed, the approach mode will
switch to active, which results in RAIM changing to
approach sensitivity and a change in CDI sensitivity.
Beginning 2 NM prior to the FAWP, the full scale CDI
sensitivity will smoothly change from ±1 NM, to
±0.3 NM at the FAWP. As sensitivity changes from
±1 NM to ±0.3 NM approaching the FAWP, with the
CDI not centered, the corresponding increase in CDI
displacement may give the impression that the
aircraft is moving further away from the intended
course even though it is on an acceptable intercept
heading. Referencing the digital track displacement
information (cross track error), if it is available in the
approach mode, may help the pilot remain position
oriented in this situation. Being established on the
final approach course prior to the beginning of the
sensitivity change at 2 NM will help prevent
problems in interpreting the CDI display during ramp
down. Therefore, requesting or accepting vectors
which will cause the aircraft to intercept the final
approach course within 2 NM of the FAWP is not
recommended.
18.14.6When receiving vectors to final, most
receiver operating manuals suggest placing the
receiver in the nonsequencing mode on the FAWP
and manually setting the course. This provides an
extended final approach course in cases where the
aircraft is vectored onto the final approach course
outside of any existing segment which is aligned with
the runway. Assigned altitudes must be maintained
until established on a published segment of the
approach. Required altitudes at waypoints outside the
FAWP or stepdown fixes must be considered.
Calculating the distance to the FAWP may be
required in order to descend at the proper location.
18.14.7Overriding an automatically selected sensitivity
during an approach will cancel the approach
mode annunciation. If the approach mode is not
armed by 2 NM prior to the FAWP, the approach
mode will not become active at 2 NM prior to the
　
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