AIP ENR 5.7−1
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
ENR 5.7 Potential Flight Hazards
1. Accident Causal Factors
1.1 The ten most frequent cause factors for General
Aviation Accidents in 1992 that involve the pilot in
command are:
1.1.1 Inadequate preflight preparation and/or
planning.
1.1.2 Failure to obtain/maintain flying speed.
1.1.3 Failure to obtain/maintain flying speed.
1.1.4 Failure to maintain direction control.
1.1.5 Improper level off.
1.1.6 Failure to see and avoid objects or obstructions.
1.1.7 Mismanagement of fuel.
1.1.8 Improper in−flight decisions or planning.
1.1.9 Misjudgment of distance and speed.
1.1.10 Selection of unsuitable terrain.
1.1.11 Improper operation of flight controls.
1.2 The above factors have continued to plague
General Aviation pilots over the years. This list
remains relatively stable and points out the need for
continued refresher training to establish a higher level
of flight proficiency for all pilots. A part of the FAA’s
continuing effort to promote increased aviation safety
is the Aviation Safety Program. For information on
the FAA’s Aviation Safety Program, readers can
contact their nearest Flight Standards District
Office’s Safety Program Manager.
1.3 Be alert at all times, especially when the weather
is good. Most pilots pay attention to business when
they are operating in full IFR weather conditions, but
strangely, air collisions almost invariably have
occurred under ideal weather conditions. Unlimited
visibility appears to encourage a sense of security
which is not at all justified. Considerable information
of value may be obtained by listening to advisories
being issued in the terminal area, even though
controller workload may prevent a pilot from
obtaining individual service.
1.4 If you think another aircraft is too close to you,
give way instead of waiting for the other pilot to
respect the right−of−way to which you may be
entitled. It is a lot safer to pursue the right−of−way
angle after you have completed your flight.
2. VFR In Congested Area
2.1 A high percentage of near midair collisions occur
below 8,000 feet AGL and within 30 miles of an
airport. When operating VFR in highly congested
areas, whether you intend to land at an airport within
the area or are just flying through, it is recommended
that extra vigilance be maintained and that you
monitor an appropriate control frequency. Normally
the appropriate frequency is an approach control
frequency. By such monitoring action you can “get
the picture” of the traffic in your area. When the
approach controller has radar, traffic advisories may
be given to VFR pilots who request them, subject to
the provisions included in ENR 1.1, paragraph
37.10.4, Radar Traffic Information Service
(RTIS).
3. Obstructions to Flight
3.1 General
3.1.1 Many structures exist that could significantly
affect the safety of your flight when operating below
500 feet above ground level (AGL), and particularly
below 200 feet AGL. While 14 CFR Section 91.119
allows flight below 500 AGL when over sparsely
populated areas or open water, such operations are
very dangerous. At and below 200 feet AGL there are
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