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If the wind increases to 10 kts, what
can you expect when you arrive?
9. A TAF time group of 0220 means
what?
10. A VOLMET report for 0500
UTC in the Autumn gives a surface
wind of 5 kts, temperature of 9°C,
dewpoint of 8°C and 1500m
visibility, with no cloud reported. If
you plan to arrive at 0600, what
weather can you expect?
Weather 111
11. What do these parts of a TAF
mean?
0615 15030G401200 BR
SCT008
12. And these?
TEMPO 1420 8000 SHRA
PROB30 TEMPO 1415 5000
13. On a calm, clear evening, the
METAR for the destination contains
the figures 04/03. What can you
expect on arrival?
14. What is QFF?
15. Define Density.
16. Define Dewpoint.
17. What is the SALR?
18. What is a gust? A squall?
19. At what height is the geostrophic
wind?
20. What is an isallobar?
21. What is an anabatic wind?
22. What might you expect from a
thunderstorm?
23. What might you expect from
icing?
Some Answers
1. ISA 0°C, -13°C, FL 280, ISA -
5°C, +14°C, FL 140.
2. The difference between the
altimeter setting and 1013.2 mb
(29.92") is 24 mb, a difference of 720
feet, so the PA of the high ground is
6600 feet. Subtract this from 10,000
feet for 3400 feet clearance.
3. 29.38 from 29. 92 is .54, or 540
feet, so the PA of your aircraft is
3040 feet. The separation is
therefore 460 feet.
4. The answers in order:
·  At 2000 feet, wind is
unaffected by surface friction.
With no drift, you are parallel
to the isobars and true
altitude is constant.
·  True altitude is decreasing,
because the 500-foot wind is
backed with reference to the
wind at 2000 feet, and you are
crossing the isobars from
high to low pressure because
of the drift you have to apply.
5. Wind speed will reduce by about
20%, so the coriolis effect will
automatically reduce by about 20°.
Thus, 360-20 is 340°, and 20% of 15
is 3, so the speed will be 12 kts.
6. At first sight, it would be 18, but
in late afternoon, the Coriolis effect
could well make it 21.
7. The airframe is cold, as you are
below freezing. You will therefore
most likely get clear ice.
8. Thin low stratus cloud.
9. It is valid between 2 in the
morning and 8 at night.
10. As the wind is light, and the
temperature is very close to the
dewpoint, you are very likely to see
radiation fog, because there is no
cloud and it is very near dawn. The
visibility is already poor, and will get
worse, before possibly clearing by
mid-morning after solar heating.
Note that the minimum RVR for a
visual approach is 800m.
11. Valid between 6 in the morning
and 3 in the afternoon (UTC, of
course), the wind is from 150° at 30
kts, gusting 40, visibility 1200 metres
in mist. 3-4 oktas of cloud at 800'.
112 JAR Private Pilot Studies
12. Temporarily between 1400 and
2000, 8000m visibility in showers
and rain. 30% probability of a
temporary reduction in vis to 5000m
between 1400 and 1500.
13. The temperature is 4°C and the
dewpoint 3°C, meaning that, if the
temperature falls, as it is likely to if it
is calm and clear, moisture will
condense out and form mist or fog.
14. The QFE reduced to mean sea
level pressure using the ambient
temperature lapse rate. It gives a
more accurate estimation of sea level
pressure and is used when producing
surface weather charts.
15. Mass per unit volume.
16. The temperature to which air
must be cooled, without change of
pressure, for the air to just become
saturated. Any further cooling results
in condensation.
17. The Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate
is the rate at which a parcel of
saturated air changes temperature
with height.
18. Temporary increases in
prevailing windspeed. A squall is
normally associated with
thunderstorms and lasts longer.
19. Around 2000 feet.
20. A line joining points of equal rate
of change of pressure.
21. The reverse of a katabatic wind,
flowing uphill (at a slower pace).
22. Hail, icing, lightning, static
electricity, turbulence and windshear.
23. More weight, less lift, more drag,
stuck controls, less visibility, radio
interference and blockages.
Electricity & Radio
Radio depends on the movement of
electric and magnetic waves, which
depend on the movement of
electricity, which ultimately depends
　
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