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• Need a System that can Reliably Measure the Errors and Make
Available to Users
– GNSS Augmentation!
Dave Jensen/John Howard
6
CAAC New Technology Seminar – GBAS 29-30 October 2009
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􀃆 Honeywell.com
GNSS Augmentation Types
• Enhance GNSS Accuracy and Integrity
• Space Based Augmentation System (SBAS)
– Network of ground stations takes local measurements
– Control stations determine errors and transmits error “map” to satellites
– Satellite transmits corrections “map”, integrity data to users
e.g. “WAAS” augments GPS for North America
•Ground Based Augmentation System* (GBAS)
– Ground station determines local errors
– Ground station broadcasts local corrections, integrity data directly to users
e.g. “LAAS” augments GPS for an airport
• Aircraft Based Augmentation System (ABAS)
– Aircraft autonomously determines local errors
– On-board GPS monitors provide integrity
– RAIM concept with additional sensors and monitoring
Dave Jensen/John Howard
7
CAAC New Technology Seminar – GBAS 29-30 October 2009
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*Only GBAS provides required integrity, accuracy & availability for precision landing.
􀃆 Honeywell.com
Current GNSS Augmentation1
GNSS Compass GPS (SPS) Galileo GLONASS
WAAS (USA)
CDGPS2 (C d )
SBAS NA
Canada)
EGNOS (Europe)
MSAS3 ( Japan)
EGNOS EGNOS
p )
QZSS3 (Japan)
GAGAN (India)
GBAS NA SmartPathTM NA NA
1. As of October 2009.
2. CDGPS is not intended for aeronautical navigation applications.
3. MSAS provides GPS corrections and integrity. While QZSS provides additional high
elevation satellites to improve vertical accuracy.
Dave Jensen/John Howard
8
CAAC New Technology Seminar – GBAS 29-30 October 2009
􀃆 Honeywell.com
Ground Based Augmentation System
Dave Jensen/John Howard
9
CAAC New Technology Seminar – GBAS 29-30 October 2009
􀃆 Honeywell.com
GBAS Concept
• Take Multiple GNSS Pseudorange Measurements
– For all satellites currently in view
• Determine Correction (Average Error) of each PR Measurement
– Filtered, then average of PR measurements
• Monitor and Detect Known Threats to GNSS Integrity
– Ensure integrity of PR measurements & corrections
– Alert if integrity cannot be met
• VHF Broadcast Corrections & Error Bounds (Type 1)
– For validated satellites only
– Variance (error bound) of broadcast correction
• VHF Broadcast Ground & Tropospheric Data (Type 2)
– Defines region in which corrections may be safely used
–Provides parameters for tropospheric adjustment
• VHF Broadcast Approach Paths (Type 4)
– All Final Approach Segment (FAS) data
Dave Jensen/John Howard
10
CAAC New Technology Seminar – GBAS 29-30 October 2009
– No aircraft database required
􀃆 Honeywell.com
GBAS Architecture
Satellite/GNSS
Ground
Aircraft
Dave Jensen/John Howard
11
CAAC New Technology Seminar – GBAS 29-30 October 2009
􀃆 Honeywell.com
GBAS Architecture
• GBAS is Comprised of 3 Subsystems
– Satellite/GNSS
– Aircraft
– Ground
• Satellite/GNSS Subsystem
– Provides satellite status, position and timing signal
– Has sufficient number of satellites to determine user position
• Aircraft Subsystem
– Applies broadcast pseudorange corrections (PRC’s)
• Computes troposphere adjustment
– Computes position using corrected PR’s only
– Computes deviations from broadcast approach path
– Determines if GLS approach is possible (safe)
– Follows desired approach path to decision height (200 ft)
• Runway visible – continue with GLS approach
• Runway not – Dave Jensen/John Howard
12
CAAC New Technology Seminar – GBAS 29-30 October 2009
visible execute missed approach
􀃆 Honeywell.com
GBAS Ground Subsystem
• Ground Subsystem Provides
– Pseudorange corrections for each satellite in view
• With error bound
– System (aircraft) integrity
• Protects aircraft against satellite and/or signal errors
• Protects aircraft against anomalous ionospheric errors
• Protects aircraft against ground subsystem errors
– Approach paths
　
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