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inspection
Machined shims receiving
inspection
First article inspection
Dimensional and Bidimensional
inspection
Final inspection
Whether they are transmitted to
the customer or not (according to
his requirement) - the results of
these inspections are recorded,
referenced and classified in files
reserved to that end.
AIRCELLE
EADS AIRBUS
EADS SOGERMA
EUROCOPTER
SIDEL
SOCATA
WESCO AIRCRAFT
Recording Documents
Instructions, Manufacturing processes
& User manuals
Documented procedures,
Laws, Rules, Documentation
Quality
Manual
LAMECO USA, Inc · 520 Broadway, Suite 350 PMB 140, Santa Monica, CA 90401 · Ph: 310.496.4221 · Fax: 888.317.1055 (toll free)
E-mail: lameco.usa@lamecogroup.com · Web Site: http://www.lamecogroup.com
LAMINATED SHIMS
Unclassified
Executive summary
Unclassified
Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium
National Aerospace Laboratory NLR
This report is based on an article published in In for Safety, winter 2004,
by KLM and in Flight Deck, winter 2004 by BRITISH AIRWAYS corporate safety
& quality.
Report no.
NLR-TP-2006-324
Author(s)
G.W.H. van Es
Classification report
Ongerubriceerd
Date
May 2006
Knowledge area(s)
Veiligheid (safety & security)
Vliegoperaties
Descriptor(s)
crosswind
certification
Crosswind Certification - How does it affect you?
Problem area
Many pilots will have encountered
the situation in which the actual
crosswind conditions at a
destination were close to the
company’s limits. Not many pilots
are actually aware of how
crosswind limits are determined for
an aircraft.
Description of work
This article will discuss the
crosswind certification process and
how it is translated to the normal
day-to-day flight operation
Unclassified
Unclassified
Crosswind Certification - How does it affect you?
Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium, National Aerospace Laboratory NLR
Anthony Fokkerweg 2, 1059 CM Amsterdam,
P.O. Box 90502, 1006 BM Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Telephone +31 20 511 31 13, Fax +31 20 511 32 10, Web site: www.nlr.nl
Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium
National Aerospace Laboratory NLR
NLR-TP-2006-324
Crosswind Certification - How does it affect you?
G.W.H. van Es
This report is based on an article published in In for Safety, winter 2004, by KLM and in Flight Deck, winter
2004, by BRITISH AIRWAYS corporate safety & quality.
This report may be cited on condition that full credit is given to NLR and the author.
Customer National Aerospace Laboratory NLR
Contract number ----
Owner National Aerospace Laboratory NLR
Division Air Transport
Distribution Unlimited
Classification of title Unclassified
May 2006
Approved by:
Author
Reviewer Managing department
NLR-TP-2006-324
4
Summary
Many pilots will have encountered the situation in which the actual crosswind conditions at a
destination were close to the company’s limits. Not many pilots are actually aware of how
crosswind limits are determined for an aircraft. This article will discuss the crosswind
certification process and how it is translated to the normal day-to-day flight operation.
NLR-TP-2006-324
5
Contents
1 Introduction 6
2 Crosswind Certification Process 7
3 Manual landing 9
4 Autoland 12
5 Use of crosswind limits in practice 12
(13 pages in total)
NLR-TP-2006-324
6
1 Introduction
On June 1, 1999, an American Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD-82, crashed after it overran the
end of runway during landing at Little Rock National Airport in Arkansas. The captain and 10
passengers were killed; the first officer, the flight attendants, and 105 passengers received
serious or minor injuries; and 24 passengers were not injured. The aircraft was destroyed by
impact forces and a post-crash fire. The controller of Little Rock Air Traffic Control advised the
flight crew that a thunderstorm located northwest of the airport was moving through the area
and that the wind was 280-degree at 28 knots gusting to 44 knots. The Cockpit Voice Recorder
indicated that the captain and first officer discussed American Airlines' crosswind limitation for
landing. The captain indicated that 30 knots was the crosswind limitation but realized that he
had provided the limitation for a dry runway. The captain then stated that the wet runway
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