曝光臺 注意防騙 網曝天貓店富美金盛家居專營店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費者

http://www.reefpix.org/albums/album62/DSCN1597.jpg http://www.reefpix.org/albums/album62/DSCN1594.jpg
Intensifying Strength and Frequency of
Storms - Hurricane Katrina
http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~stevenb/hurr/05/k
atrina/imageindex.html http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/tropic/archive/montage/atlantic/2005/KATRINA-track.gif
Sea Level Rise
Using the Integrated
Science IS92 emission
scenarios, projected
global mean sea level
increases relative to
1990 were calculated
up to 2100. Taking into
account the ranges in
the estimate of climate
sensitivity and ice melt
parameters, and the full
set of IS92 emission
scenarios, the models
project an increase in
global mean sea level
of between 13 and 94
cm.
http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/scenarios_of_sea_level_rise
From: http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/VisitorCenterCoastalResidents.html, as accessed 070610
Sand Beach in North
Beach, MD, pictured
here in the 1920's, was
a popular bathing
beach.
A contemporary picture,
taken from the same
vantage point in 1996,
illustrates the effects of
sea-level encroachment
over time.
It seems to be gradually dawning on humankind that the quality of
our lives and (in extremis) our survival will depend to a significant
extent on our ability and willingness to make urgent and significant
corrections to our lifestyles.
But it is far from clear how such changes should be structured or
pursued towards a wholesomely sustainable outcome.
We urgently need to become more innovative about how we can
accelerate the processes through which humankind will realize,
understand and appropriately deal with complex environmental,
economic, social and spiritual challenges, natural or man-made.
This relates to the pursuit and effects of travel and tourism as much
as it concerns any other facet of our lives.
Tourism and climate change
 Economic impacts of various climate change scenarios?
 What is the cost of not responding adequately?
 Impacts on destinations and their assets – (social/cultural,
environmental, economic, spiritual)?
 How can/should destinations respond?
 What role do tourism stakeholders have in adapting to and
responding to global climate change (travelling public, host
communities, tour operators, government, etc.)
 What role do technologies and innovation play in managing
climate change?
 How can risks be appropriately assessed and shared?
 About 5% of global carbon emissons are currently due to air travel and are
expected to increase to the order of 15% within the next 50 years.
 Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and water vapour from aircraft engines are important
greenhouse gases. Water vapour contributes to the formation of contrails,
often visible from the ground, which in turn are linked to an increase in the
formation of cirrus clouds. Both contrails and cirrus clouds warm the Earth's
surface magnifying the global warming effect of aviation. Together, NOx and
water vapour account for nearly two-thirds of aviation’s impact on the
atmosphere. Hence any strategy to reduce aircraft emissions will need to
consider other gases and not just CO2.
 The impacts on the global atmosphere from air travel will be concentrated
over Europe and the USA where 70-80% of all flights occur. Hence the
regional climatic impacts of aircraft emissions over these areas are likely to
be greater than predicted by the IPCC report (which used global averages).
Partly from: http://www.airportwatch.org.uk/briefingsheets/detail.php?art_id=143, as accessed 070619
Environmental impacts of air travel
The "China Clipper," (Martin M-
130) passes over the San
Francisco waterfront at the start
of the inaugural commercial
flight (November 22, 1935) across
the Pacific Ocean, to Manila. The
aircraft completed the trip in six
days, with a flying time of 59
hours, 48 minutes. Overnight
stops included Honolulu,
Midway, Wake Island, and Guam.
40-50 long-haul passengers
(reclining seats)
www.library.miami.edu/archives/panam/pa070.jpg
In the beginning there was a hydroplane…
…and dreams of distant edens…
The Age of Commercial Jet Air Travel –
Cheap Oil
De Havilland Comet
BOAC, first comercial jet
aircraft flight, May 2, 1952
http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Commercial_Aviation/O
pening_of_Jet_era/Tran6G1.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Crowded_Netherlands_beach_with_mostly_adults.jpeg
　
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