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integrated into land force operations to achieve their full combat potential.
SECTION 3
TACTICAL HELICOPTER TYPES
4. Four distinct types of tactical helicopters have evolved: Attack, Reconnaissance, Utility,
and Transport. These four distinct types, in their purest forms, exist only in a few armies.
ATTACK RECONNAISSANCE UTILITY TRANSPORT
Tactical Helicopter Operations
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5. Few nations can afford this ideal degree of
specialization. Instead, the helicopter is most commonly
found in a utility configuration, one which can be crewed by
personnel, trained in the skills required by a force, and fitted
when required with specialized equipment and weapons.
The configuration and employment of many utility
helicopters in service today illustrates this fact. The Lynx
helicopter is a good example of this, with variants
performing Anti-armour, reconnaissance, and utility
missions. It is also adaptable to the maritime environment,
serving with many navy’s in Anti-Submarine and Anti-
Shipping missions.
SECTION 4
THE SPECTRUM OF CONFLICT AND THE CONTINUUM OF OPERATIONS
6. Canadian Forces strategic doctrine states that a spectrum of conflict exists, and describes
the varying states of relations between nations and other groups. The spectrum of conflict
encompasses three states in these relationships, Peace, Conflict, and War. The transition
between states in relationship is seldom obvious.
SPECTRUM OF CONFLICT
CONTINUUM OF OPERATIONS
Figure 1-1 : The Spectrum of Conflict and the Continuum of Operations
Introduction
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Manoeuvre Sustainment
Firepower Command Protection
Info Ops
Finding
Finding
Fixing
Striking
Main Effort Tempo
Synchronization
COMBAT POWER
7. The continuum of operations involves the strategic and operational responses to conflict.
An understanding of the spectrum of conflict and the continuum of operations is based on the
following considerations:
a. There is no clear delineation line between the various states in the spectrum of
conflict.
b. The types of military operations conducted are not necessarily dictated by the
state of conflict. While the strategic military response during conditions of peace
and conflict other than war may be to conduct "operations other than war", these
same operations may include combat operations.
8. Tactical helicopters are employed throughout the spectrum of conflict, conducting both
combat and non-combat operations. Given that there are no distinct boundaries in the continuum
of operations, forces employed on non-combat operations must be prepared for their situation to
quickly change into one involving combat operations.
SECTION 5
COMBAT POWER
9. CFP 300 “Canada’s Army” defines combat power as the total means of destructive and/or
disruptive force that a military unit or formation can apply against the enemy at a given time.
Combat power is achieved through six combat functions: Command, Firepower, Protection,
Sustainment, Information Operations, and Manoeuvre. Tactical helicopters can contribute
significantly to each of these combat functions.
a. Command. Command is the exercise of
military authority by a designated commander for the
planning, direction, co-ordination and control of
military forces. The command function provides the
means to unify and integrate the activities of all the
other functions. While Command performs this
central function, it is not insular, all elements of the
six combat functions combine and interact in an
infinite number of ways. Tactical helicopter
reconnaissance, intelligence, and surveillance
platforms assist commanders in this function by
providing timely information in nearly all
environmental conditions and throughout the full
spectrum of conflict. The execution of command in
all phases of operations is further enhanced when
commanders have access to dedicated command and
liaison and command and control platforms.
Tactical Helicopter Operations
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b. Firepower. Firepower is used to destroy, neutralize,
suppress, or harass the enemy. Firepower is viewed as a joint
concept; it encompasses the collective and coordinated use of
target acquisition data from all sources; the use of direct and
indirect fire weapons; attacks by armed aircraft of all types; and
the use of other lethal and non-lethal means. Tactical helicopter
resources may contribute to the firepower function as
independent manoeuvre elements, or may add their fires to those
of the ground commander. Tactical helicopter units enhance the
　
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