7.2.1.2.1 When aircraft are operating on tracks which are separated by considerably more than the foregoing minimum figures, States may reduce the distance at which lateral separation is achieved.
7.2.1.3 Using different navigation aids or methods. Lateral separation between aircraft using different navigation aids, or when one aircraft is using RNAV equipment, shall be established by ensuring that the derived protected airspaces for the navigation aid(s) or RNP do not overlap.
7.2.1.4 RNAV operations (where RNP is specified) on parallel tracks or ATS routes. Within designated airspace or on designated routes, where RNP is specified, lateral separ-ation between RNAV-equipped aircraft may be obtained by requiring aircraft to be established on the centre lines of parallel tracks or ATS routes spaced at a distance which ensures that the protected airspace of the tracks or ATS routes does not overlap.
Note.— The spacing between parallel tracks or between parallel ATS route centre lines for which an RNP type is required will be dependent upon the relevant RNP type specified. Guidance material related to the spacing between tracks or ATS routes based on RNP type is contained in Annex 11, Attachment B.
7.2.1.5 Transitioning into airspace where a greater lateral separation minimum applies. By requiring aircraft to fly on specified tracks:
a)  which are separated by an appropriate minimum; and then
b)  diverge by at least 15 degrees until the applicable lateral separation minimum is established; and
c)  it is possible to ensure, by means approved by the appropriate ATS authority, that aircraft have the navigation capability necessary to ensure accurate track guidance.
No. 2
8. Longitudinal separation
8.1 Longitudinal separation application
8.1.1 Longitudinal separation shall be applied so that the spacing between the estimated positions of the aircraft being separated is never less than a prescribed minimum. Longi-tudinal separation between aircraft following the same or diverging tracks may be maintained by application of the Mach number technique, when so prescribed on the basis of regional air navigation agreement.
Note.— Attention is drawn to the guidance material contained in the Air Traffic Services Planning Manual (Doc 9426) regarding the application of the Mach number technique to separation of subsonic aircraft.
8.1.2 Longitudinal separation shall be established by requiring aircraft to depart at a specified time, to lose time to arrive over a geographical location at a specified time, or to hold over a geographical location until a specified time.
8.1.3 Longitudinal separation between supersonic air-craft during the transonic acceleration and supersonic phases of flight should normally be established by appropriate timing of the start of transonic acceleration rather than by the imposition of speed restrictions in supersonic flight.
8.1.4 For the purpose of application of longitudinal separation, the terms same track, reciprocal tracks and crossing tracks shall have the following meanings:
a)  Same track (see Figure III-5 below):
same direction tracks and intersecting tracks or portions thereof, the angular difference of which is less than 45 degrees or more than 315 degrees, and whose protection areas overlap.
b)  Reciprocal tracks (see Figure III-6 below):
opposite tracks and intersecting tracks or portions thereof, the angular difference of which is more than 135 degrees but less than 225 degrees, and whose protection areas overlap.
c)  Crossing tracks (see Figure III-7 below):
intersecting tracks or portions thereof other than those specified in a) and b) above.

III. Area Control Service

Figure III-2 (see 7.2.1.2 a))

Figure III-3 (see 7.2.1.2 b)) Figure III-4 (see 7.2.1.2 c))

Figure III-5 (see 8.1.4 a))
No. 1

III. Area Control Service

Figure III-6 (see 8.1.4 b))
　
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