b) relay messages between the intercepted aircraft and the appropriate ATS unit, the intercept control unit or the intercepting aircraft.
20. Descents by supersonic aircraft due to solar cosmic radiation
20.1 Air traffic control units should be prepared for the possibility that supersonic aircraft operating at levels above 15 000 m (49 000 ft) may, on rare occasions, experience a rise in solar cosmic radiation which requires them to descend to lower levels, possibly down to or below the levels being used by subsonic aircraft. When such a situation is known or
Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Services (PANS-RAC)
suspected, air traffic control units should take all possible action to safeguard all aircraft concerned, including any subsonic aircraft affected by the descent.
Note.— All supersonic aircraft in a particular portion of airspace will be affected at the same time and the event may be accompanied by a deterioration or loss of air-ground communications. It is expected that the aircraft will alert air traffic control units before the radiation reaches a critical level and will request a descent clearance when the critical level is reached. However, situations may occur in which the aircraft will need to descend without waiting for a clearance. In such cases, the aircraft are expected to advise air traffic control units, as soon as possible, of the emergency action taken.
No. 2
PART IV. APPROACH CONTROL SERVICE
Note.— The following provisions are complementary to those in Part III which apply also to the provision of approach control service. See Part II, 2.2.
1. Reduction in separation minima
1.1 In addition to the circumstances mentioned in Part III, 9.1, the separation minima detailed in Parts III and IV may be reduced in the vicinity of aerodromes if
a) adequate separation can be provided by the aerodrome controller when each aircraft is continuously visible to this controller; or
b) each aircraft is continuously visible to pilots-in-command of the other aircraft concerned and the pilots thereof report that they can maintain their own separation, or
c) in the case of one aircraft following another, the pilot-in-command of the succeeding aircraft reports that the other aircraft is in sight and separation can be maintained.
DEPARTING AIRCRAFT
2. General procedures for departing aircraft
2.1 When the control of traffic is based thereon, air traffic control clearances shall specify direction of take-off and turn after take-off, track to be made good before proceeding on desired heading, level to maintain before continuing climb to assigned cruising level, time, point and/or rate at which level change shall be made, and any other necessary manoeuvre consistent with safe operation of the aircraft.
Note.— Commensurate with an orderly flow of air traffic, air traffic control units should attempt to permit aircraft departing on long-distance flights to proceed on heading with as few turns or other manoeuvres as possible, and to climb to cruising level without restrictions.
2.2 Departing aircraft may be expedited by suggesting a take-off direction which is not into the wind. It is the responsibility of the pilot-in-command of an aircraft to decide between making such a take-off or waiting for normal take-off in a preferred direction.
2.3 If departures are delayed to avoid excessive holding at destination, delayed flights shall normally be cleared in an order based on their estimated time of departure, except that deviation from this order may be made to facilitate the maximum number of departures with the least average delay.
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