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This is a more focused effort than the organizational survey, but results from the organizational survey can be used in the design of the needs questionnaire. Those results can be used to determine which departments or groups of respondents were best able to provide CRM performance data. The organizational survey items also should be reviewed to see if any of them could be used in the needs questionnaire. If a questionnaire is required, there is a good chance that the airline does not have very detailed or conclusive CRM data. The needs questionnaire should be designed primarily for instructors, evaluators, and check airmen, and should investigate at least two areas: CRM performance problems by phase or sub-phase of flight, and performance problems by CRM topic or element area (see Appendix B for a sample Instructor/Evaluator Questionnaire).
The phase of flight portion of the survey can ask for crew performance problems and possible causes by phase or flight or sub-phase. Respondents can be asked to rank or rate each phase of flight based on frequency or severity of CRM performance problems. The CRM topics portion of the survey should ask about performance problems with crew decision making, inquiries and assertiveness, leadership/followership, and preparation/ planning. Again, respondents can be asked to rank, rate, and/or
provide specific information for each topic (see Appendix B). As with the data review, use this additional data collection effort to further involve the organization. Consider asking individuals from different departments to provide material for the questionnaire or have them review a draft. This helps to ensure that the survey will address a broader set of issues, including those that concern flight attendants, dispatchers, maintenance, and other key parts of the operation.

Identifying Primary Airline CRM Procedure Needs
The preceding activities will provide you with sufficient data to pinpoint the CRM problem areas and provide possible causes. This last step is used to choose those problems that point to the need for one or more CRM procedures. The primary determination to be made is whether a performance problem would be resolved best by training, equipment redesign, or through new or modified procedures. Working with airline needs is at a higher level than SOP; it involves understanding an airline’s philosophy and policy to determine whether a procedural solution is the right one for that specific operation and organizational climate.
Determining whether a CRM procedure will alleviate a specific performance problem in a specific organizational environment requires reviewing all available data and information about the CRM problem. Industry data, whether from NTSB, NASA, the ATA, etc., can confirm the key issues, such as phase of flight, pilot flying, operational conditions, and general types of errors. Then airline-specific data can be used to pinpoint where a CRM procedure might be implemented. At this point it may be helpful to review procedures from other airlines to determine if they have integrated CRM at those key points in the SOP.
　
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