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Identifying Individual or Crew Performance Problems
Once the event set, gradesheet, and instructor/evaluator causes have been eliminated, then the assessment team and the organization can have confidence in identifying either individual or larger group performance problems. Of the two, individual crew performance problems are most frequent and show up as below average ratings in one or more performance areas. Statistical methods can be used to objectively identify these below-standard patterns of performance. With ACRM, the training department can draw better inferences from such patterns, going beyond the old conclusion that the must be a weak individual or crew. First, the training department can verify that this is a bona fide problem with the individual by making sure the instructor/evaluator has good congruency and consistency with the rating team. This is a particularly important step to take if the case involves a possible failure. All involved need to be confident that this is not a case of one instructor placing unreasonable demands on a particular crew or individual.
A careful analysis of all the gradesheet results, along with the debriefing summary, can help the instructor/evaluator or training department analyst pinpoint the problem areas that will require additional training. The old approach of just giving the crew more CRM training does not apply. Under ACRM, remedial training addresses specific behavioral and skill grouping aspects of CRM where the crew was below standard.
. A major payoff to establishing and maintaining a standard assessment is the ability to identify long-term trends in crew performance.
If over time a pattern of crew problems becomes evident in a specific area, it is likely that crew training in that area needs to be modified. This is one reason the "Below Standard" rating is so important, because it allows you to identify marginal problems before they turn into "Unsatisfactory" performance. Monitoring for group crew performance problems allows an airline to be proactive in its training development where it can address a minor problem before it turns into a set of incidents or an accident.
Identifying Trends in Crew Performance
A major payoff to establishing and maintaining a standard assessment is the ability to identify long-term trends in crew performance. Without the team approach to assessment and the data establishing that the IRR benchmark have been met, there is too much variation in the data to make meaningful interpretations of performance trends. In such cases, a significant increase or decrease in crew ratings may be due to many factors not directly related to crew performance.
With a standard assessment established over a period of time, significant improvements or decrements in crew performance can be analyzed with confidence. For example, if there is a consistent trend over a year or more showing improvement in some aspect of crew performance, the training department can conclude that aspect of the training is working as designed. If that positive trend is in the ’Above Standard’ area, it may be possible to move some of the training time from that area to another area of crew performance. In cases of significant negative trends, a detailed analysis should help the airline to pinpoint the problem area and improve or redesign that part of the training.
　
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本文鏈接地址：Developing Advanced Crew Resource Management (ACRM) Training: A Training Manual(80)