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3)  When making crew performance assessments there is a high probability of rater bias, and the common forms of bias that should be addressed through instructor/evaluator training include central tendency, halo error, and leniency error.
4)  If the airline has not already implemented some form of IRR training, IRR should be presented as a group process beginning with an overview of IRR, followed by the critical nature of crew assessment, the IRR measures, the gradesheet, rating scales, and examples of the criteria for each point on the scale.
Guidelines for Developing Standardization and Training Modules
1)  Under ACRM, a substantial departure from a scripted and acted videotape is required. Consideration should be given to preparing standardization tapes working with real crews flying the actual LOFT/LOE for that year in a representative simulator without the benefit of coaching or preparation.
2)  Instructor/evaluators should be provided with accurate and immediate rating feedback from the start of their assessment training through standardization sessions. The first rating sessions may take place in a larger group using spreadsheets and charts showing individual and group data along with appropriate benchmarks that the group is trying to meet.
3)  After individual and group feedback is provided and explained, instructor/evaluators should be encouraged to develop new rating rules and strategies. This cycle of practice, feedback, and discussion allows the participants to improve their reliability, and should continue until group benchmarks have been met.
4)  Under ACRM assessment there should be ongoing training and standardization to establish confidence in the crew performance data, its indications about CRM procedures, and the procedures' effects on overall crew performance.
5)  Instructor/evaluators should be encouraged to take an active team approach to standardization sessions. Instructor/evaluators should see these sessions as an essential part of maintaining their assessment standards. One way to ensure team involvement is to encourage instructor/evaluators to control the standardization sessions, and ultimately to determine their own schedule and length of cycle between sessions based on their rating performance.
ACRM Crew Training Development Guidelines
Guidelines for Planning ACRM Crew Training
1)  Crew training can be the largest cost of the ACRM program, so the development team should use the planning stage to determine ways for reducing the cost of that training. The team should consider integrating ACRM with existing CRM training (see Guideline 2 below) and coordinating ACRM training with other training cycles (see Guideline 3 below).
2)  The development team should consider extending or modifying existing crew training to meet ACRM training needs. Much of the existing CRM recurrent training can be modified from an emphasis on general CRM principles to a concentration on the specific CRM procedures.
　
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本文鏈接地址：Developing Advanced Crew Resource Management (ACRM) Training: A Training Manual(91)