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Selecting Strategies to Reinforce Crew Awareness and Feedback
In the past, CRM training has been implemented as a one-shot deal. In order to promote an ongoing ACRM program, crew awareness should be reinforced and crew feedback should be systematically elicited and collected. These two requirements are particularly important during the first year of the program as the organization becomes familiar with it. Consider having one or more individuals from the development team tasked with keeping ACRM visible and eliciting crew feedback.
The entire organization should stay involved, but crews form the core of an ACRM program. It is their acceptance and use of the CRM procedures that will produce a successful program, so crews should be reminded of the procedures and training at appropriate times. Crews have many things competing for their attention, and ACRM crew training can be perceived as just one of a number of training routines that need to be completed. The challenge is to select the proper form and time to remind crews of
the new procedures and their role in improving crew effectiveness. Some organizations may write up positive crew reactions or operational stories that underscore the value of the procedures, and place one or more articles in an existing organizational publication with good crew readership and acceptance. In smaller organizations, consider having a respected crewmember speak up about the new procedures at a scheduled crew meeting. Instructor/evaluators can also be influential in sustaining crew awareness, and they may be asked to make an announcement or comment on improved crew performance in specific ACRM areas.
The crews are often the first to see the effects of the new CRM procedures and the training, and they should be encouraged to provide feedback about all aspects of the program. Consider doing this not only during ACRM training, but also during line checks and other points of crew interaction with instructor/evaluators. In addition to feedback on the new CRM procedures, ask crews for ideas about additional procedures that should be considered for implementation. Crews may come up with their own ideas or they may have heard about or used a useful CRM procedure at another airline. Consider a range of ways of collecting information on additional procedures to include an item on a feedback form, a specific question during LOFT/LOE debriefing, or request for information at the end of a ACRM awareness article or reminder.
Developing AdditionalCRM Procedures as Needed
Crew feedback and performance data provide essential information to determine the need for additional procedures. Another important source is instructor/evaluator feedback about what they are seeing in the simulator and on the line. Finally, airline safety reports may show a rise in a particular type of incident whose frequency could be reduced through some combination of procedure and training. If an airline actively collects information about possible CRM problem areas, need identification and development of additional procedures is facilitated.
　
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本文鏈接地址：Developing Advanced Crew Resource Management (ACRM) Training: A Training Manual(75)