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more time than others to evaluate the outcome. ADM
should be applied to any unplanned or unexpected situation
presented.
In addition to ADM, the key to any emergency situation,
and/or preventing a abnormal situation from progressing
to a true emergency is a thorough familiarity with, and
adherence to, the procedures developed by the manufacturer
and contained in the Aircraft Flight Manual and/or Pilot’s
Operating Handbook (AFM/POH). The following guidelines
are generic and not meant to replace the manufacturer’s
recommended procedures. Rather, they are meant to enhance
the pilot’s general knowledge in the area of abnormal and
emergency operations. If any of the guidance in this chapter
confl icts with the manufacturer’s recommended procedures
for a particular make and model weight-shift control (WSC)
aircraft, the manufacturer’s recommended procedures take
precedence.
Ballistic Parachute System (BPS)
The ballistic parachute system (BPS) provides an additional
safety margin to fl ying WSC aircraft. However, if utilized
when other alternatives would produce a better outcome or
if not deployed with the proper procedures, BPS system use
could create a worse situation than not using a BPS. The BPS
should be used only as a last alternative and only after other
options have been evaluated through ADM. [Figure 13-1]
The choice of adding a BPS as an additional system for
emergencies is up to the pilot. This decision should be made
by evaluating the disadvantages of an additional system, its
advantages, and the situations in which the system would
be utilized.
Advantages of a BPS:
• BPS can be used if there is a total loss of control of the
WSC. The term “loss of control” is key to when the
BPS should be deployed. Always fl y the aircraft fi rst,
but if the pilot cannot control or regain control of the
aircraft (loss of control), this is when the BPS should
be used. Loss of control might result from midair
collisions or wake tip vortices with other aircraft.
A loss of control could also result from structural
failure due to inadequate prefl ight or lack of proper
maintenance.
• BPS can be used if the engine quits and there are no
suitable landing areas. Although pilots try to have a
suitable landing area within gliding distance, there are
times when a parachute could be used with an engine
failure, such as over high trees.
• Pilot incapacitation is a situation where the BPS could
be used. This could be a pilot-in-command (PIC)
illness, such as a heart attack, or an external factor,
such as a bird strike in the face temporally blinding
the pilot. For example, if the pilot is incapacitated by
a bird strike, the pilot could feel for the handle and
pull it. Other designs allow the pilot and passenger
to be able to reach and actuate the BPS, while other
designs have two separate handles for the pilot and a
passenger. Many passengers feel safer if they know
they can actuate the BPS if the pilot is unable to fl y
the aircraft.
• Pilot disorientation with loss of control of the
aircraft is a situation where the BPS could be used.
In the unusual situation of severe vertigo or spatial
disorientation preventing the pilot from differentiating
up from down, such as severe turbulence, night fl ying,
or fl ying into bad weather, a BPS could be used.
Attempts should always be made to regain composure;
if attempts fail, then the BPS is an option.
Disadvantages of having BPS:
• It provides a false sense of security. A pilot might
believe that the BPS can save him or her from
hazardous situations, which could cause the pilot to
develop hazardous attitudes, exceed limitations, and
make bad decisions.
13-3
• Before impact, put hands in front of face and keep
arms and legs in and tight to body.
• After impact, exit aircraft immediately.
Emergency Landings
This section contains information on emergency landing
techniques in WSC aircraft. The guidelines that are presented
apply to the more adverse terrain conditions for which no
practical training is possible. The objective is to instill in the
pilot the knowledge that almost any terrain can be considered
suitable for a survivable crash landing if the pilot knows how
to slow and secure the WSC aircraft while using the WSC
structure for protection of the pilot and passenger.
Types of Emergency Landings
The different types of emergency landings are:
• Forced landing—an immediate landing, on or off an
airport, necessitated by the inability to continue further
　
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