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This is a most important concept. Taxi slowly and observe
the basic airport markings/signs. Clearance to proceed must
be obtained prior to taxiing across any runway or entering a
runway to takeoff. There could be large aircraft, which may
not be able to respond to WSC aircraft quick movements. An
important runway marker is the “Hold Short Line.” Always
stop before reaching this line and get clearance before
crossing it. [Figure 5-66]
• At a towered airport, this is clearance from the tower.
Always read back tower instructions clearance when
received from tower before proceeding.
• At a nontowered airport, the clearance procedure is
to listen to and monitor all air traffi c on the airport
radio frequency. Observe all air traffi c taxiing and in
the pattern. After listening on the radio and observing
all possible traffi c, announce position and intentions
before crossing runway or entering runway. If crossing
runway, announce once you have taxied across that
you are clear of runway.
5-26
Figure 5-67. Positioned in the aircraft run up area before takeoff,
the WSC is ready to perform the pretakeoff checklist.
Before Takeoff Check
The before takeoff check is the systematic procedure for
making a check of the engine, controls, systems, instruments,
and avionics prior to fl ight. Normally, it is performed after
taxiing to a position near the takeoff end of the runway.
Taxiing to that position usually allows sufficient time
for the engine to warm up to at least minimum operating
temperatures. This ensures adequate lubrication and internal
engine clearances before being operated at high power
settings. Many engines require that the oil temperature or
engine temperature reach a minimum value, as stated in the
AFM/POH, before high power is applied.
Some WSC aircraft are ram air cooled, where the cooling
air must be rammed into the cooling radiator during fl ight.
On the ground, however, little or no air is forced through
the radiator. Prolonged ground operations may cause engine
overheating. Some designs place the cooling radiators near
the propeller so the propeller produces reasonable airfl ow
to cool the engine.
Air cooled two-stroke engine aircraft may have an integral
engine driven cooling fan and can idle indefi nitely without
overheating. Monitoring engine temperature to be within
limits is important for aircraft operations on the ground.
After taxiing to the runway entrance runup area and before
beginning the pretakeoff check, the aircraft should be
positioned clear of other aircraft. When you taxi out to the
run up area, position your self where other aircraft can easily
taxi to a suitable run up area. There should not be anything
behind the aircraft that might be damaged by the prop
blast. To minimize overheating during engine run-up, it is
recommended that the aircraft be headed as nearly as possible
into the wind. After an aircraft is properly positioned for the
run-up, the nose wheel should be pointed straight.
During the engine run-up, the surface under the WSC aircraft
should be fi rm (a smooth, paved, or turf surface, if possible)
and free of debris. Otherwise, the propeller may pick up
pebbles, dirt, or other loose objects and hurl them backward
or into the sail. [Figure 5-67]
While performing the engine run-up, the pilot must divide
attention inside to look at the instruments and outside the
aircraft to look for other traffi c. If the parking brake slips,
or if application of the brakes is inadequate for the amount
of power applied, the aircraft could move forward unnoticed
if attention is fi xed only inside the aircraft.
Each aircraft has different features and equipment, and the
before takeoff checklist provided by the WSC manufacturer
should be used to perform the run-up. Here is a general
checklist.
• Verify the strobe light is on (if applicable).
• Trim is set to proper speed for takeoff.
• Brakes are set.
• Ignition check—always divide attention into and out
of the fl ight deck in case the brakes can not hold the
aircraft still at the higher power settings. (Some ignition
checks are done at idle; see POH for engine specifi cs.)
If the brakes start to slip and the aircraft starts moving,
decrease power immediately and reevaluate how to run
up and keep the aircraft stationary during run up. Run up
engine to consistent rpm higher than idle. Switch from
both ignition systems to one and watch for a slight drop
in rpm. Do the same for the other ignition system.
• Verify engine temperatures (EGT, CHT, oil and/or water)
　
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