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maintenance and prefl ight planning. The following summarizes
emergency procedures when they are warranted.
• Emergency landings require careful thought to
evaluate wind and terrain for a successful outcome.
• Emergency descents may be required because of
weather, avoiding other aircraft, or aircraft fi re.
• Corrective action for system malfunction depends on
the specifi c aircraft procedures.
• High winds and turbulence are less of a threat when
the WSC aircraft is a signifi cant distance above the
ground. It is takeoff and especially landing where high
winds and turbulence become the biggest problem. Do
not takeoff, fl y, or land when the winds and turbulence
exceed aircraft limitations or pilot capabilities.
• If the VFR pilot fl ies into IMC conditions, the pilot
should return to an area of known VFR conditions.
• The BPS should be used as a last option and only if
total loss of control with no chance of recovery, pilot
incapacitation, or engine failure over hostile terrain.
G-1
100-hour inspection. An inspection required by 14 CFR
section 91.409 for FAA-certificated aircraft that are operated
for hire, or are used for flight instruction for hire. A 100-
hour inspection is similar in content to an annual inspection,
but it can be conducted by an aircraft mechanic who holds
an Airframe and Powerplant rating, but does not have an
Inspection Authorization. A list of the items that must be
included in an annual or 100-hour inspection is included in
14 CFR part 43, Appendix D.
14 CFR. See Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
14 CFR Part 1. Federal Aviation Regulation from 14 CFR,
pertaining to definitions and abbreviations of terms.
14 CFR Part 61. Federal Aviation Regulation from 14 CFR,
pertaining to the issuance of pilot and instructor certificates
and ratings.
14 CFR Part 67. Federal Aviation Regulation from 14 CFR,
pertaining to medical standards and certification for pilots.
14 CFR Part 91. Federal Aviation Regulation from 14 CFR,
pertaining to general operating and flight rules.
800-WX-BRIEF. Phone number for reaching an FAA
Automated Flight Service Station 24 hours a day almost
anywhere in the United States.
Aborted takeoff. To terminate a planned takeoff when it is
determined that some condition exists which makes takeoff
or further flight dangerous.
Above ground level (AGL). The actual height above ground
level (AGL) at which the aircraft is flying.
Acceleration. Force involved in overcoming inertia, and
which may be defined as a change in velocity per unit of
time.
Glossary
AD. See Airworthiness Directive.
ADM. See aeronautical decision-making.
Adverse yaw. A flight condition at the beginning of a turn in
which the nose of the aircraft starts to move in the direction
opposite the direction the turn is being made, caused by
the induced drag produced by the downward-deflected tip
holding back the wing as it begins to rise.
Aerodynamics. The science of the action of air on an object,
and with the motion of air on other gases. Aerodynamics
deals with the production of lift by the aircraft, the relative
wind, and the atmosphere.
Aeronautical chart. A map used in air navigation containing
all or part of the following: topographic features, hazards and
obstructions, navigation aids, navigation routes, designated
airspace, and airports. See also Sectional Chart.
Aeronautical decision-making (ADM). A systematic
approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently
determine the best course of action in response to a given
set of circumstances.
A/FD. See airport/facility directory.
AFM. See aircraft flight manual.
AFSS. See automated flight service station.
Aircraft. A device that is used or intended to be used for
flight in the air.
Aircraft accident. An occurrence associated with the
operation of an aircraft that takes place between the time
any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight
and all such persons have disembarked, and in which any
person suffers death or serious injury or in which the aircraft
receives substantial damage. (NTSB 830.2)
G-2
Aircraft categories. (1) As used with respect to the
certification, ratings, privileges, and limitations of airmen,
means a broad classification of aircraft. Examples include:
powered parachute, airplane, rotorcraft, glider, lighter-thanair,
and weight-shift control. (2) As used with respect to the
certification of aircraft, means a grouping of aircraft based
upon intended use or operating limitations. Examples include:
　
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