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easily take the wing off the carriage. Alternate attach points
where there is no routing to the top of the wing are the mast
and engine attachment points; however, this has the WSC
aircraft descending nose down when activated.
The ballistic parachute canister can be mounted in a number
of locations on the WSC, typically on the carriage pointed
sideways to avoid entanglement with the propeller. The
actuation handle is mounted in the fl ight deck for pilot use
when needed. [Figures 3-41 and 3-42]
3-16
Figure 3-43. Cruise throttle control and ignition switches.
Canister Rocket
Ballistic Parachute System
Figure 3-41. Located under the pilot’s legs, the canister will blow
through the break-away panel in the cowling.
Figure 3-42. Canister mounted under engine.
Flight Deck
The fl ight deck is where the pilot and passenger sit. It is
typically a tandem seating with the pilot in front and the
passenger in back. When the WSC aircraft is used for
instruction, the instructor typically sits in back and must have
access to the fl ight controls.
The pilot in the front has ground and fl ight controls. The
right foot controls a foot throttle and the left foot controls
the brake. This is similar to throttle and brake controls on an
automobile. The feet also control ground steering by moving
the front fork with the foot pedals. A foot throttle and foot
brake can be added to optional ground steering control for
use by an instructor sitting in back.
A hand cruise throttle is typically used when the pilot can
set it and it stays set. This cruise throttle is usually in a
position where the instructor in the back seat can also operate
it. [Figures 3-43]
The wing fl ight control bar is in a position at chest height for
the pilot in the front seat. Additional extensions are added
for a passenger or instructor to use if seated in the back seat.
[Figure 3-7]
Ignition switches are sometimes included in the cruise
control throttle housing or as a separate set of switches. If
a WSC is used for instruction, the ignition switches should
be within reach of the instructor sitting in the back seat.
[Figures 3-43]
The ballistic parachute handle must be accessible for use
when needed but not put in a position where it could be
accidentally deployed. Some WSC aircraft have two handles,
one for the front and one for the back. Additional controls
for starting, such as the choke or enricher, must be accessible
to the pilot.
Dashboards and Instrument Panels
The instrument panel is in front of the pilot and provides
engine, fl ight, navigation, and communications information.
The pilot is responsible for maintaining collision avoidance
with a proper and continuous visual scan around the aircraft,
as well as monitoring the information available from the
instrument panel. The pilot must process the outside cues
along with the instrumentation throughout the fl ight for a
sound decision-making process.
The ignition switches, which may be located on the
instrument panel or within the instructors reach for WSC
used for instruction, has two positions: ON, which allows
power to make contact with the spark plugs, or OFF, which is
a closed switch to GROUND and removes the power source
from the spark plugs. Typically, WSC engines have two
spark plugs per cylinder, two switches, and two completely
separate ignition systems. Some single-place WSCs with
smaller engines have only one spark plug per cylinder, one
ignition switch, and a single ignition system.
3-17
Figure 3-44. Basic analog flight and engine instruments.
Engine
Hours
Starter
Airspeed
CHT
RPM
EGT
GPS
Master
Altitude
Accessories Plug
For example, for a two-stroke liquid-cooled engine, the
manufacturer may require instrumentation to monitor engine
exhaust gas temperatures (EGT), water temperatures, and
revolutions per minute (rpm). Additionally, for a fourstroke
engine, the manufacturer may additionally require oil
temperature and pressure gauges. For a simple two-stroke aircooled
engine, the manufacturer’s requirement may be EGT,
cylinder head temperature (CHT) and rpm instrumentation.
Generally, most electrical or engine controls are located on
the dashboard unless required to be reached by the instructor
for fl ight instruction.
Dashboards are as varied as the manufacturers and the
purpose of the aircraft, from simple to complex. Classical
analog gauges are common, but digital instruments are
becoming more popular with light-sport aircraft (LSA).
Overall, no instrumentation is required for E-LSA, but for
　
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