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SD. See safety directave.
Sea level. A reference height used to determine standard
atmospheric conditions and altitude measurements.
Search and rescue (SAR). A lifesaving service provided
through the combined efforts of the federal agencies signatory
to the National SAR plan along with state agencies.
Sectional charts. Designed for visual navigation of slow
or medium speed aircraft. Topographic information on
these charts features the portrayal of relief, and a judicious
selection of visual check points for VFR flight. Aeronautical
information includes visual and radio aids to navigation,
airports, controlled airspace, restricted areas, obstructions
and related data.
See and avoid. When weather conditions permit, pilots
operating IFR or VFR are required to observe and maneuver
to avoid other aircraft. Right-of-way rules are contained in
14 CFR part 91.
Segmented circle. A visual indicator around a windsock
or tetrahedron designed to show the traffic pattern for each
runway.
Shallow-banked turn. Turns in which the bank is less than
approximately 20 degrees.
Single Pilot Resource Management (SRM). Area of human
factors study that addresses application of management skills
in the cockpit. Single pilots of small aircraft must make
effective use of all available resources; human resources,
hardware, and information.
Single surface wing. one piece of fabric for most of the
airfoil on a WSC with the cross bar exposed to the airflow.
Typically used for slower wings.
Situational awareness. The accurate perception and
understanding of all the factors and conditions within the four
fundamental risk elements that affect safety before, during,
and after the flight.
Skills and procedures. The procedural, psychomotor, and
perceptual skills used to control a specific aircraft or its
systems. They are the airmanship abilities that are gained
through conventional training, are perfected, and become
almost automatic through experience.
Skin. The outside covering of an aircraft airframe.
Skin friction drag. The type of parasite drag resulting from
a rough surface which deflects the streamlines of air on the
surface, causing resistance to smooth airflow.
S-LSA (Special Light-Sport Aircraft). An aircraft issued a
special airworthiness certificate in accordance with 14 CFR
section 21.290 in the light-sport category. These aircraft meet
the ASTM industry-developed consensus standards.
Solo flight. Flight that is conducted and logged when a pilot
is the sole occupant of an aircraft.
Spatial disorientation. Specifically refers to the lack of
orientation with regard to the position, attitude, or movement
of the WSC in space.
Special flight permit. A flight permit issued to an aircraft
that does not meet airworthiness requirements but is capable
of safe flight. A special flight permit can be issued to move
an aircraft for the purposes of maintenance or repair, buyer
delivery, manufacturer flight tests, evacuation from danger,
or customer demonstration. Also referred to as a ferry
permit.
G-16
Special Use Airspace (SUA). Airspace that exists where
activities must be confined because of their nature. Consists
of prohibited, restricted, warning, military operations, and
alert areas.
Speed. The distance traveled in a given time.
Sport Pilot Certificate. An FAA-issued pilot certificate,
allowing the holder to operate a light-sport aircraft in the
category, class, make and model for which they are endorsed
to do so.
SRM. See Single Pilot Resource Management.
Stabilized Approach. A landing approach in which the pilot
establishes and maintains a constant angle glidepath towards
a predetermined point on the landing runway. It is based on
the pilot’s judgment of certain visual cues, and depends on
the maintenance of a constant final descent airspeed and
configuration.
Stall. A rapid decrease in lift caused by the separation of
airflow from the wing’s surface brought on by exceeding
the critical angle of attack. A stall can occur at any pitch
attitude or airspeed.
Stalling speed. For WSC, the power-off stall speed at the
maximum takeoff weight (the lower limit of the green arc).
Standard airport traffic pattern. The left-hand turn traffic
flow that is prescribed for aircraft landing at, taxiing on, or
taking off from an airport. Reference 14 CFR section 91.126
(a)(1) and AIM chapter 4, section 3.
Standard Atmosphere. Consisting of those atmospheric
conditions at sea level that include a barometric pressure
of 29.92 inches of mercury ("Hg) or 1013.2 millibars, and
　
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