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RADAR SERVICES AND PROCEDURES
AIM 2/14/08
4-5-6 Surveillance Systems
EXAMPLETarget
symbols:
1. Uncorrelated primary radar target [] [+]
2. Correlated primary radar target []
See note below.
3. Uncorrelated beacon target [ / ]
4. Correlated beacon target [ \ ]
5. Identing beacon target []
Note: in Number 2 correlated means the association of
radar data with the computer projected track of an
identified aircraft.
Position symbols:
6. Free track (no flight plan tracking) []
7. Flat track (flight plan tracking) [◊]
8. Coast (beacon target lost) [#]
9. Present position hold [  ]
Data block information:
10. Aircraft ident
See note below.
11. Assigned altitude FL 280, Mode C altitude same or
within  200' of assigned altitude.
See note below.
12. Computer ID #191, handoff is to sector 33
(0-33 would mean handoff accepted)
See note below.
13. Assigned altitude 17,000', aircraft is climbing,
ModeC readout was 14,300 when last beacon interrogation
was received.
14. Leader line connecting target symbol and data block
15. Track velocity and direction vector line (projected
ahead of target)
16. Assigned altitude 7,000, aircraft is descending, last
Mode C readout (or last reported altitude) was 100' above
FL 230
17. Transponder code shows in full data block only when
different than assigned code
18. Aircraft is 300' above assigned altitude
19. Reported altitude (no Mode C readout) same as
assigned. (An “n” would indicate no reported altitude.)
20. Transponder set on emergency Code 7700 (EMRG
flashes to attract attention)
21. Transponder Code 1200 (VFR) with no Mode C
22. Code 1200 (VFR) with Mode C and last altitude
readout
23. Transponder set on radio failure Code 7600 (RDOF
flashes)
24. Computer ID #228, CST indicates target is in coast
status
25. Assigned altitude FL 290, transponder code (these two
items constitute a “limited data block”)
Note: numbers 10, 11, and 12 constitute a “full data
block”
Other symbols:
26. Navigational aid
27. Airway or jet route
28. Outline of weather returns based on primary radar.
“H” represents areas of high density precipitation which
might be thunderstorms. Radial lines indicated lower
density precipitation.
29. Obstruction
30. Airports
Major:
Small:
2/14/08 AIM
Surveillance Systems 4-5-7
4-5-3. Surveillance Radar
a. Surveillance radars are divided into two general
categories: Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR) and
Air Route Surveillance Radar (ARSR).
1. ASR is designed to provide relatively
short‐range coverage in the general vicinity of an
airport and to serve as an expeditious means of
handling terminal area traffic through observation of
precise aircraft locations on a radarscope. The ASR
can also be used as an instrument approach aid.
2. ARSR is a long‐range radar system designed
primarily to provide a display of aircraft locations
over large areas.
3. Center Radar Automated Radar Terminal
Systems (ARTS) Processing (CENRAP) was developed
to provide an alternative to a nonradar
environment at terminal facilities should an ASR fail
or malfunction. CENRAP sends aircraft radar beacon
target information to the ASR terminal facility
equipped with ARTS. Procedures used for the
separation of aircraft may increase under certain
conditions when a facility is utilizing CENRAP
because radar target information updates at a slower
rate than the normal ASR radar. Radar services for
VFR aircraft are also limited during CENRAP
operations because of the additional workload
required to provide services to IFR aircraft.
b. Surveillance radars scan through 360 degrees of
azimuth and present target information on a radar
display located in a tower or center. This information
is used independently or in conjunction with other
navigational aids in the control of air traffic.
4-5-4. Precision Approach Radar (PAR)
a. PAR is designed for use as a landing aid rather
than an aid for sequencing and spacing aircraft. PAR
equipment may be used as a primary landing aid (See
Chapter 5, Air Traffic Procedures, for additional
　
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