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aircraft identification information. This function should
first be disabled before contacting ATC.
3. Aircraft with an Inoperative/Malfunctioning
ADS-B Transmitter or in the Event of an Inoperative
Ground Broadcast Transceiver (GBT).
(a) ATC will inform the flight crew when the
aircraft's ADS-B transmitter appears to be inoperative
or malfunctioning:
PHRASEOLOGYYOUR
ADS-B TRANSMITTER APPEARS TO BE
INOPERATIVE/MALFUNCTIONING. STOP ADS-B
TRANSMISSIONS.
(b) ATC will inform the flight crew when the
GBT transceiver becomes inoperative or malfunctioning,
as follows:
PHRASEOLOGY-
(Name of facility) GROUND BASED TRANSCEIVER
INOPERATIVE/MALFUNCTIONING.
(And if appropriate) RADAR CONTACT LOST.
NOTEAn
inoperative or malfunctioning GBT may also cause a
loss of ATC surveillance services.
(c) ATC will inform the flight crew if it
becomes necessary to turn off the aircraft's ADS-B
transmitter.
PHRASEOLOGYSTOP
ADS-B TRANSMISSIONS.
(d) Other malfunctions and considerations:
Loss of automatic altitude reporting capabilities
(encoder failure) will result in loss of ATC altitude
advisory services.
e. ADS-B Limitations
1. The ADS-B cockpit display of traffic is NOT
intended to be used as a collision avoidance system
and does not relieve the pilot's responsibility to “see
and avoid” other aircraft. (See paragraph 5-5-8, See
and Avoid). ADS-B shall not be used for avoidance
maneuvers during IMC or other times when there is
no visual contact with the intruder aircraft. ADS-B is
intended only to assist in visual acquisition of other
aircraft. No avoidance maneuvers are provided nor
authorized, as a direct result of an ADS-B target
being displayed in the cockpit.
2. Use of ADS-B radar services is limited to the
service volume of the GBT.
NOTEThe
coverage volume of GBTs are limited to line-of-sight.
f. Reports of ADS-B Malfunctions
Users of ADS-B can provide valuable assistance in
the correction of malfunctions by reporting instances
of undesirable system performance. Reporters should
identify the time of observation, location, type and
identity of aircraft, and describe the condition
observed; the type of avionics system and its software
version in use should also be included. Since ADS-B
performance is monitored by maintenance personnel
rather than ATC, it is suggested that malfunctions be
reported in any one of the following ways:
1. By radio or telephone to the nearest Flight
Service Station (FSS) facility.
2. By FAA Form 8000-7, Safety Improvement
Report, a postage-paid card is designed for this
purpose. These cards may be obtained from FAA
FSSs, Flight Standards District Offices, and general
aviation fixed-based operators.
2/14/08 AIM
Surveillance Systems 4−5−17
3. By reporting the failure directly to the FAA
Safe Flight 21 program at 1−877−FLYADSB or
http://www.adsb.gov.
4−5−8. Traffic Information
Service−Broadcast (TIS−B)
a. Introduction
Traffic Information Service−Broadcast (TIS−B) is
the broadcast of traffic information to ADS−B
equipped aircraft from ADS−B ground stations. The
source of this traffic information is derived from
ground−based air traffic surveillance sensors,
typically radar. TIS−B service is becoming available
in selected locations where there are both adequate
surveillance coverage from ground sensors and
adequate broadcast coverage from Ground Based
Transceivers (GBTs). The quality level of traffic
information provided by TIS−B is dependent upon
the number and type of ground sensors available as
TIS−B sources and the timeliness of the reported data.
b. TIS−B Requirements
In order to receive TIS−B service, the following
conditions must exist:
1. The host aircraft must be equipped with a
UAT ADS−B transmitter/receiver or transceiver, and
a cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI). As
the ground system evolves, the ADS−B data link may
be either UAT or 1090 ES, or both.
2. The host aircraft must fly within the coverage
volume of a compatible GBT that is configured for
TIS−B uplinks. (Not all GBTs provide TIS−B due to
a lack of radar coverage or because a radar feed is not
available).
3. The target aircraft must be within the
coverage of, and detected by, at least one of the ATC
radars serving the GBT in use.
c. TIS−B Capabilities
1. TIS−B is the broadcast of traffic information
　
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