空氣燃油比
Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Adour Mk102
羅爾斯-羅伊斯透博梅卡公司
“阿杜爾”(Adour)Mk102發動機
1．工作從1945年1月開始，按“尼恩”發動機以0.855比例縮小，以適合于格洛斯特公司的“流星”(Gloster Meteor)
的發動機短艙中。稱為“德溫特”(Derwent)的該發動機于1945年6月以2600磅通過了100小時試車，于9月投產，服役時達到3500磅。裝了特殊的“德溫特’V發動機的“流星”Ⅳ飛機于1945年11月和1946年兩項世界速度記錄。
Work commenced in January 1945 on a 0.855 scale Nene, reduced to fit the engine nacelle of a Gloster Meteor. Known as the Derwent V the engine passed a 100 hr test at 2600 lb thrust in June 1945 and in September went into production with a service rating of 3500 lb. Two world speed records were set by Meteor IV's powered by special Derwent V's in November 1945 and September 1946.
羅爾斯-羅伊斯公司
RB37“德溫特”V發動機
Rolls-Royce RB37 Derwent V
目 錄
5: Turbines
Contents Page
第五章 渦輪
Introduction 45 Energy transfer from gas flow to turbine 49 緒言
從燃氣流向渦輪的
能量轉移
結構
Construction 51
Nozzle guide vanes Turbine discs Turbine blades 導向器葉片
渦輪盤
渦輪工作葉片
對轉渦輪
雙合金輪盤
Contra-rotating turbines Dual alloy discs
壓氣機渦輪的匹配
Compressor-turbine matching 53 材料
Materials 53 Nozzle guide vanes Turbine discs 導向器葉片
渦輪盤
渦輪工作葉片
Turbine blades 平衡
Balancing 57
1．渦輪的任務是為驅動壓氣機和附件提供功率，以及當發動機不單純用于產生推進噴氣流的情況下，它還為螺旋槳或旋冀提供軸功率。渦輪的工作是從燃燒系統釋放的燃氣流吸收能量，并將就膨脹到較低的壓力和溫度。在這個過程中產生很高的應力，而且，為了工作效率高，渦輪葉尖可能在高于l500英尺／秒的速度下旋轉。渦輪經受的連續燃氣流的進口溫度可能達到850到1700℃，在渦輪部件中的燃氣速度可能達到2500英尺／秒。
緒言
INTRODUCTION
1. The turbine has the task of providing the power to drive the compressor and accessories and, in the case of engines which do not make use solely of a jet for propulsion, of providing shaft power for a propeller or rotor. It does this by extracting energy from the hot gases released from the combustion system and expanding them to a lower pressure and temperature. High stresses are involved in this process, and for efficient operation, the turbine blade tips may rotate at speeds over 1,500 feet per second, The continuous flow of gas to which the turbine is exposed may have an entry temperature between 850 and 1,700 deg. C. and may reach a velocity of over 2,500 feet per second in parts of the turbine.
2．為了產生驅動扭矩，渦輪可以有若干級，每級有 一排靜止的導向器葉片和一排旋轉的工作葉片(圖5-1)。級數取決于需要從燃氣流吸收的功率，發出該功率的旋轉速度，及允許的渦輪直徑。
2. To produce the driving torque, the turbine may consist of several stages each employing one row of stationary nozzle guide vanes and one row of moving blades (fig. 5-1). The number of stages depends upon the relationship between the power required
3.軸的數量，因而渦輪的數量隨發動機的型別而異。高壓比發動機通常有兩根軸，分別驅動高壓和低壓壓氣機（圖5-2）。對于高涵道比風扇發動機，其以有一個中壓系統為特點，則在高壓和低壓渦輪之間插入另一個渦輪，這就構成了三轉子系統（圖5-3）在某些發動機上，其驅動扭矩來自由動力渦輪（圖5-4）。由于它與其它的渦輪軸和壓氣機軸在機械上是獨立的，所以這種方法允許此渦輪在其最佳的轉速下運轉。
from the gas flow, the rotational speed at which it must be produced and the diameter of turbine permitted.
3. The number of shafts, and therefore turbines, varies with the type of engine; high compression ratio engines usually have two shafts, driving high and low pressure compressors (fig, 5-2). On high by-pass
圖5-1 單軸系統三級渦輪
ratio fan engines that feature an intermediate pressure system, another turbine may be interposed between the high and low pressure turbines, thus forming a triple-spool system (fig, 5-3). On some engines, driving torque is derived from a free-power turbine (fig. 5-4). This method allows the turbine to run at its optimum speed because it is mechanically independent of other turbine and compressor shafts.
4．對于給定的級輸出，渦輪工作葉片的平均速度對可能取得的最高效率具有很大的影響。對于給定的輸出，燃氣速度、轉折角、以及損失都隨較高的葉片平均速度的平方成比例地減少。渦輪盤的應力隨轉速的平方而增加，所以要在較高轉速下保持相同的應力水平，截面厚度及重量應當不成比例地增加。正因為如此，最終的設計是在效率和重量之間折衷。發動機在更高的渦輪進口溫度下工作，在熱力學上效率會更高，具有更高的功率重量比。內外涵發動機具有較好的推進效率，因而對于給定的推力來說，它可以用較小的渦輪。
4. The mean blade speed of a turbine has consid-operating at higher turbine inlet temperatures are erable effect on the maximum efficiency possible for thermally more efficient and have an improved power 5．慨括地講，導向器葉片和渦輪工作葉片通道的設計主要依據空氣動力學的考慮。從獲得最佳效率，與壓氣機和燃燒室兼容出發，導向器葉片和渦輪工作葉片屬于基本葉型。
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