A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
• Table of contents
• Flight operations duties
• European Applicable Regulation
• General
• General aircraft limitations
• Payload Range
• Operating limitations
• In flight performance
• One engine inoperative performance
• Flight planning
• Weight and Balance
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
BALANCE :
 1. Limits
 2. Expression
 3. Calculation
 4. The Index method
 5. Operational limits
 6. Balance and fuel consumption
JAR OPS 1 Sub-part J
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
CG
mg
Forward
limit
manoeuvrability
Aft
limit
stability
 Certified limits :
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
BALANCE :
 1. Limits
 2. Expression
 3. Calculation
 4. The Index method
 5. Operational limits
 6. Balance and fuel consumption
JAR OPS 1 Sub-part J
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Origin chosen by
the manufacturer
O
MAC
 Balance is expressed in percent of MAC
MAC : Mean Aerodynamic Chord
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
O
a
l
CG
 Characteristics of the MAC
 its length : l
 the station of its leading edge : a
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
X
2.540 m
a = 17.8015 m
l = 4.1935 m
O
Z
 Example :
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
O
a
l
mg
CG
d
B% = 100 d - a
l
 Balance is expressed in percent of MAC :
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
x
a = 17.8015 m
l = 4.1935 m
d = 18.800 m
B% = 100 d - a
l
2.540 m
B% = 23.8%
 Example :
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
BALANCE :
 1. Limits
 2. Expression
 3. Calculation
 4. The Index method
 5. Operational limits
 6. Balance and fuel consumption
JAR OPS 1 Sub-part J
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
O
mg
CG
d
m1g
d1
m2g
d2
mig
di
mgd = mbgdb +m1gd1 +..........migdi+ .....mngdn
m = mb + m1 + ...... + mi + .......mn
mbg
db
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
C% = 100
 midi
m - a
l
mgd = mbgdb +m1gd1 +..........migdi+ .....mngdn
m = mb + m1 + ...... + mi + .......mn
d =  midi
m
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
BALANCE :
 1. Limits
 2. Expression
 3. Calculation
 4. The Index method
 5. Operational limits
 6. Balance and fuel consumption
JAR OPS 1 Sub-part J
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 Index = moment
 with a new origin O' (D : station of O')  mg (d-D)
I = A +mg
B (d - D) A & B
constant
O'
D
O CG
d
corrected in order to obtain a number between 0 and 100 :
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 Example :
 A320 : D = 19 m A = 40 B = 1000g
O O'
D
CG
d
I = 40 + m
1000(d - 19)
Weighing  OEM = 39400 kg d = 18.8 m
OEM Index = 32.1
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
The aeroplane is divided in several zones : cargo
compartments; pax compartments; fuel tanks...
For each zone, a given mass mi (10 pax or 1000 kg)
located at di (CG of this zone) produces a variation
of Index Ii.
 OEM Index calculation :
from the weighing of the aeroplane
TOM Index calculation :
algebraic sum of the OEM Index and the Index due to
the loading of the aeroplane :
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Any mass located into
a zone ahead of O'
produces a negative I
Any mass located into
a zone behind O'
produces a positive I
　
中國航空網 www.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：flight operation 飛行運行概述