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Principles
• Efficiency
– Fixed pitch propellers have only one blade angle, which equates
to efficient operation at only a certain airspeed.
– Variable pitch propellers can change the blade angle, so that the
blade angle can be the most efficient through all stages of flight
Principles
• Varying airspeed
– At Low airspeeds the blade angle is small, therefore
fine pitch
– At hight airspeed the blade angle is large, therefore
coarse pitch
Principles
• Change of Power
– Pitch lever controls the blade angle
Principles
• Pitch Adjustment
– Pitch lever is attached to a speeder spring
– This adjusts spring tension which sets RPM
• Various systems:
– Non-Feathering Systems (Single Engine Aircraft)
• McCauley Non-Feathering System (C182)
• Hartzell Non-Feathering System (PA28R)
– Feathering System (Multi-Engine Aircraft)
Principles
• Hartzell System
Principles
• McCauley system
Principles
• Once a certain RPM is selected, the CSU senses a
deviation from the set RPM and adjusts the blade angle:
– Straight and level flight, open throttle, propeller will coarsen
– Raise the nose, IAS will decrease, propeller pitch will be finer to
stop RPM reducing
– Descent or dive, IAS will increase, propeller pitch will coarsen to
maintain RPM
Considerations
• Pre-Flight
– Check for leaks and secure blades.
• Ground Operations
– Important to do propeller check to get warm oil into
hub to ensure serviceable system.
• Failures
– In Single engine, speeder spring fails, flyweights will
fly out, making propeller go to coarse pitch stop.
– Oil pressure failure, propeller will go to fine pitch stop.
Air Exercise
• Changing Power
– As a rule of thumb, keep MAP below RPM!
– Use power settings (MAP and RPM) as
shown in POH (5-21 to 5-30)
– Stay within limits as per POH
• Increasing Power
– Pitch up, Power up.
• Reducing Power
– Power down, Pitch down.
Air Exercise
• Taxiing
– Aircraft is at the fine pitch stop, so it will act as a fixed
pitch propeller
• Take-off (POH 4-15)
– Propeller is at the fine pitch stop, so the propeller will
act as a fixed pitch propeller – immediate power
available
• On Final Approach (POH 4-17)
– Pitch full fine
– Undercarriage down and locked
– Flaps
Air Exercise
Airmanship
Airmanship
• Pre-flight inspection
– Check for oil leakage
• Power changes correct
• Smooth coordinated power usage
• Thorough checks

 

 

 

 

 

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