Visual Flight Rules
• AIP ENR 1.2-1
Operations in Non Controlled
Aerodromes
• Communications – ENR 1.1 Paragraph 53
Operations in Non Controlled
Aerodromes
• Selection of Circuit Direction, Seperation
minima & Height
Operations in Non Controlled
Aerodromes
• Selection of Circuit Direction, Seperation
minima & Height
• Circuit Height ENR 1.1, 57.3
Operations in Non Controlled
Aerodromes
• Taxiing ENR 1.1,
Operations in Non Controlled
Aerodromes
• Arrival Information ENR 1.1, 63
Operations in Non Controlled
Aerodromes
• Landing Manoeuvres ENR1.1,
Operations in Non Controlled
Aerodromes
• Landing Manoeuvres ENR1.1,
Operations in Non Controlled
Aerodromes
• Separation Minima for landing: ENR1.1,
65
Operations in Non Controlled
Aerodromes
• Separation Minima for landing: ENR1.1,
65
Operations in Non Controlled
Aerodromes
• Taxiing After Landing: ENR 1.1, para 66
Operations in Non Controlled
Aerodromes
• Passenger Briefing
Operational Techniques
Operational techniques
• MBZ Calls
Operational Techniques
Operational Techniques
Operational Techniques
Operational Techniques
Operational Techniques
Operational Techniques
Flapless Landings
Aim
• To learn the principles and considerations
of conducting a safe approach without
using flaps
Application
• Flapless landings
• When there is a flap system failure
• In very gusty conditions
• To land at high speed
Overview
• Revision
• Definitions
• Principles / Considerations
• Air Exercise
• Airmanship
Revision
• Effect of Power and/or flap on the descent
profile
Without Power or Flap
L
D
W
Without Power, With Flap
L
D
W
With Power, Without Flap
L
D
W
T
Definitions
Flapless landing
• A landing that is conducted safely without
the use of flaps
Principles / Considerations
Compared to a normal approach to land, a
flapless approach will have:
– A flatter flight path, due to less drag
– Higher approach speeds, to maintain a safe margin
over the stall speed
– Higher nose attitude to maintain sufficient angle of
attack
– Reduced forward visibility
– Minimal flare, but longer float (due to more airspeed
and less drag
– A longer landing run
Air Exercise
The circuit is conducted as normal, except for the speed!
Glide Approach Normal Approach Flapless Approach
1200 rpm
75 kt
70 kt
Expect more
float
Avoid excess
hold-off
65 kt
Air Exercise
• Nose attitudes
Airmanship
• Lookout
• Thorough Checks
• Avoid high-nose attitude on touchdown
because of possible tail strike
• Will require longer hold-off
• If in doubt – go around
• Correct handover/takeover procedure
Flapless Landings Pre Flight
Objective
• To apply the principles and considerations
of a flapless landing in order to conduct a
safe approach without using flaps
Application
• Flapless landings
• When there is a flap system failure
• In very gusty conditions
• To land at high speed
Revision
• What nose attitude would be have in:
– Landing with full flap
– Landing without flap
– Landing without flap with power
• Would we have a higher approach speed
in a flapless landing or normal landing?
Airmanship
• Lookout
• Thorough Checks
• Avoid high-nose attitude on touchdown
because of possible tail strike
• Will require longer hold-off
• If in doubt – go around
• Correct handover/takeover procedure
Air Exercise
The circuit is conducted as normal, except for the speed!
Glide Approach Normal Approach Flapless Approach
1200 rpm
75 kt
70 kt
Expect more
float
Avoid excess
hold-off
65 kt
Air Exercise
• Nose attitudes
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