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• Disagreement of senses
• Slow roll to left not detected by senses. Correct with right
bank. Senses detect the right bank and instruments show
S&L!
• Causes vertigo/leans.
– Partial Panel Failure
• Detect failed instruments by cross-checking other
instruments. Use inverted V scan
• DG fails, supplement with magnetic compass. Remember
ONUS and SAND
0 1
2
3
4
ALT
6 5
7
8
9
VSI
20
20
15
5
10
10 15
5
40
60
80
120 100
140
160
T&B
L R
Air Exercise
• Cruise (ASPT)
Attitude – Change the AH to the correct attitude and
hold. Scan DG, ALT and T&B
Speed – Scan ASI for acceleration to cruise speed
Power – Reduce RPM to cruise power
Trim – Trim to the attitude on the AH
Primary instruments of interest:
AH, ALT, DG
Secondary instruments of interest:
ASI, T&B and VSI
Air Exercise
• Climb (PAST)
Power – Increase the power to climb settings referring
to TACHO and AH
Attitude – Adopt climb attitude with reference to AH,
then monitor DG and T&B for direction and balance
Speed – Scan AH, DG and ASI
Trim – Trim to maintain attitude on the AH
Primary instruments of interest:
AH, ASI and DG
Secondary instruments of interest:
ALT, VSI and T&B
Air Exercise
• Descent (PAST)
Power – Reduce power TACHO and AH
Attitude – Adopt attitude with AH, then scan
DG and T&B for direction and balance
Speed – Scan AH, DG, ASI and VSI
Trim – Trim if required
Primary instruments of interest
AH, ASI and DG
Secondary instruments of interest
ALT, VSI and T&B
Air Exercise
• Turns (BBB)
Bank – Roll to rate one, referring to the AH
Balance – Refer to T&B and balance with
rudder
Back Pressure – Set attitude referring to AH,
ALT and VSI
Primary Instruments of interest:
AH, ALT, VSI
Secondary Instruments of interest:
T&B and DG
Air Exercise
• Climbing / Descending Turns (BBB)
Bank – Roll to rate one, referring to the AH
Balance – Refer to T&B and balance with
rudder
Back Pressure – Set attitude referring to AH,
ALT and VSI
Primary Instruments of interest:
AH, ALT, VSI
Secondary Instruments of interest:
T&B and DG
Airmanship
• Avoid flying into cloud – if you do, conduct
a 180º rate one turn to exit.
• Smooth and positive control inputs.
• Use correct scan techniques.
• Do not chase performance instruments
SET ATTITUDE!
• Instrument taxi checks.
• Correct handover/takeover procedure.
Instrument Flight Pre Flight
Brief
Objective
• To learn to correctly fly an aircraft
accurately and in a coordinated manner,
solely by reference to the aircraft
instruments.
Application
– Precision control and coordination
– Practise towards a NVFR or CIR
– Used to exit cloud upon accidental entry
– Assist in flying an aircraft in reduced visibility
Revision
• Instrument scans
– Selective radial scan
– Main instrument in our scan is the AH
15 20 25
10
5
RPM
0 1
2
3
4
ALT
6 5
7
8
9
VSI
20
20
5 15
10
10 15
5
40
60
80
120 100
140
160
T&B
L R
Airmanship
• Avoid flying into cloud – if you do, conduct
a 180º rate one turn to exit.
• Smooth and positive control inputs.
• Use correct scan techniques.
• Do not chase performance instruments
• SET ATTITUDE!
• Instrument taxi checks.
• Correct handover/takeover procedure.
Air Exercise
• Take-off and fly to training area 1
• Climb to 2500 feet
• Investigate instrument attitudes
• You will then be placed under the hood so
you cannot see outside the aircraft
Air Exercise
• Cruise
Primary instruments of
interest:
AH, ALT, DG
Secondary instruments of
interest:
ASI, T&B and VSI
• Turns
Primary Instruments of
interest:
AH, ALT, VSI
Secondary Instruments of
interest:
T&B and DG
15 20 25
　
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