曝光臺 注意防騙 網曝天貓店富美金盛家居專營店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費者

Principles
• Forces in a Steep Turn
Weight
Load Factor  Lift
60°
Considerations
• Load Factor – “G Force” – “G Loading”
Weight
Load Factor  Lift
cosAngle of Bank
Load Factor  1
V V LF New StallSpeed S  
Considerations
Load Factor
• 60 degree angle of bank CosAoB
LF  1
Cos60 
LF  1
2
0.5
LF  1 
V V LF New StallSpeed S  
V 44 2 New Stall Speed  
V 44 1.41 New StallSpeed  
V 62.23 KIAS New Stall Speed 
Considerations
Power Setting
• Angle of Attack increased
• Induced drag increased
• Drag balanced by adding more thrust to
maintain speed
Considerations
Aircraft Limitations
• Maximum speed limitations
• Manoeuvre speed
• Maximum Loading
Vne 163 KIAS
Vno 129 KIAS
Va 99 KIAS
+3.8g
Considerations
• Overbanking tendency
L
R
• Coordinating the turn
BALANCED SLIPPING SKIDDING
Considerations
Spiral Dive
• Due to disorientation or loss of altitude
during high Angle of Bank manoeuvres.
Symptoms:
1. High and increasing IAS
2. Low and lowering nose attitude, high ROD
3. High and increasing Angle of Bank
4. High and increasing noise level
Air Exercise
• Pre-Entry
– Trim for Straight and Level
– Select a reference point
– Lookout
– Check minimum entry speed (>95kt)
• Entry
– B
– B
– B
ank passing 30° AoB increase power
alance
ack Pressure large increase in backpressure
Air Exercise
• During
– A
– L
– A
– P
ttitude
ookout
ttitude
erformance
• Exit
– B
– B
– B
ank passing 30° AoB reduce power
alance
ack Pressure release back pressure
Air Exercise
• Attitudes
Air Exercise
Spiral dive recovery
1. Reduce power to idle
2. Ease wings to level
3. Ease out of dive, to the climb attitude
4. At 90 KIAS, increase power BROC
5. Climb away
Do not attempt to ease out of a dive
UNTIL the wings are level
Airmanship
• Lookout
• Smooth but positive aircraft handling
• Correct handover/takeover procedure
• Operate within maximum aircraft
limitations
• Awareness of spiral dive symptoms and
prompt recovery if necessary
Review
ENTRY
 Steep Turn ……………AoB
Bank with ailerons –through 30 degrees, power
………………
Balance simultaneously with rudder
Back Pressure add to hold attitude and altitude
DURING:
 Attitude - set and maintained
 Lookout – maintain careful
 Attitude – check maintaining
 Performance –
Alt/AoB/Balance/DG/IAS/VSI
EXIT:
 Anticipate by ………….
Bank –roll wings level whilst
Balance simultaneously with rudder
whilst……
Back Pressure releasing & power decreasing
GOAL: to reach cruise power RPM at same
time as wings become level. If we don’t do
this the aircraft will climb as bank is
reduced.
WHAT IF…..?
 we gain height during the turn?
 We lose height during the turn?
REMEMBER:
Aim is to maintain constant altitude BUT NOT at
the expense of airspeed. If airspeed drops
aircraft can get close to stall condition (…….Kts
at 60degrees AoB) Thus if altitude lost we must
add more thrust (power) if available and adjust
our back pressure
SPIRAL DIVE
SYMPTOMS……..
 High and increasing IAS
 Low nose attitude
 High RoD
 High AoB
 High noise level
RECOVERY……..
 Power - IDLE
 Ease wings level
 Ease out of dive
 Climb away adding
power
SPIN Low IAS
High nose attitude
High RoD
Low noise level
Lets Fly………
Steep Descending Turns
Mass Brief
Aim
• To understand the principles and
considerations involved in descending an
　
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