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has prompted some companies and
research institutions to pursue initiatives
in this field as well. SENER is
beginning to investigate methods of
reducing helicopter noise. “Helicopter
design and research is becoming more
of a target for us as the Spanish industry
is developing a great deal in this area,
particularly with the new Eurocopter
production center,” says aerospace
director Quintana.
At the Polytechnic University of Catalonia
in Barcelona (the Catalan acronym
is UPC), a group of researchers is working
to increase the autonomy of unmanned
helicopters, a type of unmanned aerial
vehicle (UAV). “There are UAVs all over
the world, but helicopters are a very difficult
aerodynamic system, much more
difficult to drive and control than other
aircraft,” says Ricardo Sánchez-Peña,
who is in charge of the project.
Sánchez-Peña says that his group is
trying to add autonomous behavior
through an artificial vision system and
increased autonomy in the control
systems. Applications could include
infrared sensors that would detect forest
fires or electrical fires and then call for
human assistance.
The hardware for this type of activity
already exists—sensors, navigation systems—
so the challenge today lies in the
software: “integrating navigation with
other sensors, and providing greater control
and autonomy,” says Sánchez-Peña.
“If you want to gain in precision, there are
mathematical problems to solve. The
challenge today is in the area of the
control system and artificial vision.”
Control
All over the world, the Spanish information
systems company Indra ensures a
plane’s safe takeoff, travel, and landing.
Its air traffic management systems have
been sold to more than 20 countries; its
parts and products are found in many
more, thanks to sales to international
companies such as Raytheon. In fact,
about 20 percent of flights in the world
cross a center with an Indra system
installed. The systems process and integrate
information such as a plane’s flight
plan, its real-time location and movement,
the weather, flight changes, and
the general flow of plane traffic in a
given area.
“One of the reasons our system is one
of the most advanced in the world is the
algorithms we use to determine the
plane’s trajectory, the accuracy of the
trajectory according to the route, meteorological
conditions, and performance
of the aircraft,” says Javier Ruano,
director of air traffic management for
Indra. Originally, the job of traffic controllers
was largely based on radar, but
today, as flight zones are becoming
increasingly crowded, this planning has
gained in importance.
Research at Indra, and in fact the cutting
edge of flight control around the
world, involves using satellite informa-
S6 www.technologyreview.com/spain/aero
photo courtesy of eads-casa
Spanish companies, increasingly focused on producing helicopters, are conducting
research initiatives to improve efficiency and reduce noise.
Spanish Aerospace Innovations Span the Globe
Countries Where
Spanish Aerospace
Companies Operate
www.technologyreview.com/spain/aero S7
tion and data links between planes and
ground control as a way to attain a
higher degree of accuracy than radar
and eliminate the blank spots that exist
in today’s radar systems—for example,
over the ocean. With a navigation satellite
system, an onboard computer knows
its location with great accuracy and can
communicate it to the air traffic control
center. (Radar, however, will always be
required as an independent source of
information, because someone with
intent to do harm could take manual
control of an onboard computer.) Additionally,
this link allows an exchange of
trajectory information between ground
and air computers, thus improving planning
and prediction.
One other benefit of the new datalink
systems will be a reduction in actual
dialogue between pilots and controllers.
“Though in most of the world the standard
flight language is English, sometimes
the communication between
non-native pilots and controllers can be
difficult and result in mistakes,” says
Ruano. “These will be avoided through
automated dialogue, which will also
offer the clear benefit of workload
reduction.”
Another element of control involves
　
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