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A := E
preds := { }
for i := k downto 0 do
A’ := wp(Si, A);
if (A’ is unsatisfiable)
return preds;
add atoms(A’) to preds
A := A’
if (A  I is unsatisfiable)
add atoms(I) to preds
return preds
return “path is feasible”
57
57
Abstraction (via Boolean program)
U
L
L
L
U
U
E
do {
KeAcquireSpinLock();
nPacketsOld = nPackets;
if(request){
request = request->Next;
KeReleaseSpinLock();
nPackets++;
}
} while(nPackets!=nPacketsOld);
KeReleaseSpinLock();
58
58
Abstraction (via Boolean program)
U
L
L
L
U
U
E
do {
KeAcquireSpinLock();
nPacketsOld = nPackets;
if(request){
request = request->Next;
KeReleaseSpinLock();
nPackets++;
}
} while(nPackets!=nPacketsOld);
KeReleaseSpinLock();
59
59
Abstraction (via Boolean program)
U
L
L
L
U
U
E
do {
KeAcquireSpinLock();
nPacketsOld = nPackets;
if(request){
request = request->Next;
KeReleaseSpinLock();
nPackets++;
}
} while(nPackets!=nPacketsOld);
KeReleaseSpinLock();
60
60
Abstraction (via Boolean program)
U
L
L
L
U
U
E
do {
KeAcquireSpinLock();
nPacketsOld = nPackets;
if(request){
request = request->Next;
KeReleaseSpinLock();
nPackets++;
}
} while(nPackets!=nPacketsOld);
KeReleaseSpinLock();
61
Predicate explosion
• Weakest-precondition technique
generates too many predicates
• Generate predicates relevant to each
program location
– Interpolation-based approach
Aircraft Accident Investigation
Introduction to Aircraft Accident Investigation Procedures
Editor: Curt Lewis PE, CSP
Associate Editor: Corey Burrell
Table of Contents
PART I: INTRODUCTION TO ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION 3
Regulations and Investigative Organizations 4
The National Transportation Safety Board 5
PART II: THE FIELD INVESTIGATION 10
Pre-Accident Planning and Personal Safety 11
Initial Actions 12
Accident Diagrams 13
Accident Photography 14
Fire Investigations 15
Structural Investigations 16
Aircraft Systems 17
Reciprocating Engines 18
Propellers 19
Turbine Engines 19
Instrument Investigation 19
Records 20
Witness Interviewing 20
PART III: ACCIDENT INFORMATION 22
Mid-Airs and Runway Incursions 23
Recording Equipment 24
Human Factors 24
PART I: INTRODUCTION TO ACCIDENT
INVESTIGATION
Lesson 1: Regulations and Investigative Organizations
Lesson 2: The National Transportation Safety Board
Aircraft Accident Investigation
Aircraft Accident Investigation 4
REGULATIONS AND INVESTIGATIVE
ORGANIZATIONS
Introduction:
There are several reasons why people investigate aircraft
accidents. These include:
• Corrective actions
• Punishment
• Compensation
Whatever the reason, all aircraft accident investigations
should attempt the following questions:
• What happened?
• Why did this accident happen?
• What can be done to prevent this accident from
occurring again in the future?
Definitions:
Aircraft Accident: An occurrence associated with the
operation of an aircraft which takes place between the
time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of
flight until such time as all such persons have disembarked,
in which:
• a person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of
direct contact with the aircraft or its jet blast
• the aircraft sustains substantial damage the aircraft
is missing or completely inaccessible
Aircraft Incident: an occurrence other than an accident,
associated with the operation of an aircraft, which affects
or could affect the safety of operations.
Fatal Injury: Any injury that results in death within 30
days of the accident
Serious Injury: An injury which is sustained by a person
in an accident and which:
• requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours,
commencing within seven days from the date the
injury was received
• results in a fracture of any bone (except simple
fractures of fingers, toes, or nose)
• involves lacerations which cause severe
hemorrhage, nerve, muscle, or tendon damage
• involves injury to any internal organ
　
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