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2. GPWS = Ground proximity warning system 近地警告系統(tǒng)
[pr k'simiti]
3. commercial [ k'm:l ] 商業(yè)(用)的
4. existence [ ig'zistns ] n. 存在
5. terrain [ 'terein ] n. 地形;地表
6. hazardous [ 'hæzds ] a. 危險(xiǎn)的
7. encounter [ in'kaunt ] vt. 遇到;遭遇
8. excessive [ ik'sesiv ] a. 過(guò)度的;過(guò)量的
9. descent rate [ di'sent ][reit ] 下降率
10. closure rate [ 'kloud  ][[reit ] 貼近率;接近速率
11. altitude loss [ l :s ] 高度損失
12. climb-out 爬升
13. go-around 復(fù)飛
14. terrain clearance [ k'lirns ] 離地高度;越障高度
15. GPWC = Ground ProximityWarning Computer 近地警告計(jì)算機(jī)
16. envelope [ 'enviloup ] n. 包絡(luò); 警告范圍(界
限)
17. issue [ 'isju: ] 或['iu: ] vt. 發(fā)布;發(fā)行
18. status [ 'steits ] n. 狀態(tài);情況
19. activation [ ækti'vein ] n. 起動(dòng);起作用
20. amber [ 'æmb ] n. ; a. 琥珀色的;淡黃色的
21. message [ 'mesid ] n. 信息
22. speaker [ 'spi:k ] n. 喇叭;揚(yáng)聲器
23. headphone [ 'hed'foun ] 頭戴耳機(jī)
24. lens cap [ lenz ][[kæp ] 透鏡帽;燈帽(按鈕)
25. inhibit [ in'hibit ] vt. 禁止;抑制
26. windshear [ 'wind'i ] n. 風(fēng)切變
27. threshold value [ 'reould ] 界限值;邊界值
28. initial penetration area 初始穿透區(qū)
[i'ni;][peni'trein]['ri]
29. inner warning area 內(nèi)層警告區(qū)
30. be designed to … 用來(lái);目的是使…;設(shè)計(jì)成能…
31. missed approach [ misd][p'rout] 中斷進(jìn)場(chǎng)并復(fù)飛
32. inertial altitude 慣性高度
33. radio altitude 無(wú)線(xiàn)電高度
34. insufficient [ ins'fint ] a. 不足的;不適當(dāng)?shù)?br /> 35. apply [ 'plai ] v. 應(yīng)用;適用
36. usually [ 'ju: uli ] ad. 通常;一般
37. exceed [ ik'si:d ] v. 超出;過(guò)度
38. boundary [ 'baundri ] 邊界;分界
39. front-corse [ frnt][k :s ] 前航道
40. phenomenon [ fi'n minn ] n. 現(xiàn)象
復(fù)數(shù)為phenomena [ fi'n min ]
41. volume [ 'v ljum ] n. 體積;容量
42. opposite [ ' pzit ] a. 相反的;相對(duì)的;對(duì)面的
43. threatening [ 'retni] 威脅的;險(xiǎn)惡的
44. microburst [ 'maikrou'b:st ] n. 微下?lián)舯��?下沖氣
流)
45. column [ 'k lm ] n. 柱;柱狀物;駕駛桿
46. airspace [ 'speis ] n. 空域
47. recovery [ ri'kvri ] n. 恢復(fù);復(fù)原
48. headwind [ 'hedwind ] n. 頂(逆)風(fēng)
49. tailwind [ 'teilwind ] n. 順風(fēng)
50. downdraft [ 'daun'dra:ft ] n. ; a. 下降流
51. updraft [ 'dra:ft ] n. ; a. 上升流
52. performance [ p'f :mns ] n. 行為;表現(xiàn)
53. experience [ iks'pirens ] vt. 經(jīng)歷;遭受到
TEXT
[1] The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) required installation of
GPWS (Ground Proximity Warning System) in all commercial airplane.
The purpose is to alert the flight crew to the existence of an unsafe
condition due to terrain proximity. The various hazardous conditions that
can be encountered in flight are divided into five modes. These are:
Mode 1 --------- Excessive descent rate
Mode 2 --------- Excessive closure rate with respect to rising
terrain
Mode 3 ------- Excessive altitude loss during climb-out (in takeoff
or during go-around)
Mode 4 ------- Insufficient terrain clearance when not in landing
configuration (Landing gear up and/or flaps less than 25 unit )
Mode 5 ------- Excessive deviation below glide slope when making
a front course approach with the gear down.
Fig. 33-1 Ground proximity warning
[2] The main component of the ground proximity warning system is the
ground proximity warning computer (GPWC). It establishes the limits for
the warning modes and compares the airplane flight and terrain clearance
status against the established mode limits. If the airplane is found to have
entered the envelope for one of the warning modes, the computer issues
appropriate warning or alerting signals. The computer stores failure data
in a non-valatile memory for display in a front panel window. Various
parameters are received from interfacing systems and used to compute
the airplane's status with respect to ground proximity warning system
modes. These input parameters consists of discretes, analog signals and
digital data words. The output signals for the activation of visual
indicators consist of discretes transmitted to illuminate the red PULL UP
lights, the amber BELOW G/S lights, and the red WINDSHEAR
messages. Aural outputs are sent to the captain's and first officer's flight
compartment speakers and headphones.
Fig. 33-2 GPWS warning indications
　
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