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The red PULL UP warning lights come on when mode 1, 2,3,or 4 flight
path is detected. The amber BELOW G/S warning lights come on when
glide slope deviation becomes excessive. Pressing the BELOW G/S lens
cap will inhibit this warning. The red WINDSHEAR warning message on
the bottom of the EADI is shown whenever windshear conditions are
detected.
[3] The purpose of mode 1 is to alert the flight crew to an excessive
descent rate with respect to terrain clearance. This mode is independent
of landing gear and flap positions. Mode 1 indications occur below 2450
feet radio altitude down to 10 feet when the descent rate exceeds a
threshold value as indicated on figure 33-3, The mode 1 envelope is
divided into two areas: the initial penetration area and the inner warning
area.
Initial penetration of the mode 1 envelope is annunciated by the
illumination of the red PULL UP light and the repeated aural message
“SINK RATE …”.Penetration of the inner warning area is annunciated
by the red PULL UP light and the repeated aural message“WHOOP,
WHOOP, PULL UP…”
Fig. 33-3 GPWS- mode 1
[4] The purpose of mode 2 is to alert the flight crew to an excessive
closure rate with respect to rising terain. This mode consists of two
submodes: If the flaps are 15 units or less and the airplane is not on the
glide slope beam, mode 2A is annunciated ; if the flaps are down greater
than 15 unit or the airplane is on the glide slope beam and within 2 dots
of deviation, mode 2B is annunciated.
[5] The mode 3 is designed to alert the flight crew to an excessive loss of
altitude after take off or during a missed approach. Mode 3 provides two
types of warnings; Type-1 warning is provided whenever the airplane
loses a predetermined amount of inertial altitude on take off or go around
and type-2 warning is provided when the airplane does not have
sufficient radio altitude. Mode 3 and mode 4 may not be armed at the
same time. When one of these modes is armed the other mode is
disabled.
[6] The purpose of mode 4 is to alert the flight crew to insufficient terrain
clearance when not in landing coufiguration. Mode 4 usually applies
during the landing phase of flight .It is armed after take off when the
airplane exceeds the mode 3, type-2 upper boundary. Mode 4 consists of
two submodes. When the landing gear is up, mode 4A is annunciated.
When the landing gear is down, but the flaps are less than or equal to 15
units, mode 4B is annunciated.
[7] The purpose of mode 5 is to alert the flight crew to an excessive
deviation below the glide slope when making a front-course approach.
Mode 5 is armed when the airplane is below 1000 feet with the gear
down. The mode 5 envelope is divided into two alerting areas:the low
level (6 db below normal) initial penetration alerting area, and the normal
level inner alerting area. The low level alerting area indications occur
when the glide slope deviation exceeds 1.3 dots. The normal level
alerting area indication occur only below 300 feet radio altitude and
down to 30 feet, and when the glide slope deviation exceeds 2.0 dots.
[8] Windshear is a phenomenon which can happen anywhere within the
atmosphere. It can have both horizontal and vertical components, and
involves large volumes of air which move rapidly in different directions
(usually opposite). One type of windshear which is most threatening to
pilots in the microburst, which produces a column of downward-moving
air. Microbursts are most threatening below 500 feet, where pilots have
little time and airspace for recovery. Figure 33-4 shows two microburst
situations, one in takeoff and the other on approach, with the appropriate
explanalions. When the GPWS determines that windshear conditions
exist, the aural warning “WINDSHEAR”is repeated and the red
windshear warning is displayed on both EADIs.
Fig 33-4 Windshear
A summary of all GPWS mode annunciations is shown on this table.
READING MATERIAL
QUETIONS TO LESSON 33 READING MATERIAL
1. What is the purpose of GPWS mode 5 ?
2. When is mode 5 armed ?
3. The mode 5 envelope is divided into 2 alerting areas, what are they ?
4. When does the low level alerting area indications occur ?
5. When does the normal level alerting area indications occur ?
6. How is mode 5 annunciated ?
7. When is the “GLIDE SLOPE”message repeated more rapidly ?
8. What may be inhibited or cancelled by pressing the G/S P-INHIBIT
light /switch?
9. If the G/S P-INHIBIT light/switch is pressed before the mode 9
indication have started, what will happen?
10. If the G/S P-INHIBIT light /switch is pressed after the mode 9
　
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