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the upper end to a steering collar and at the lower end to the shock strut
inner cylinder transmit a turning moment supplied by hydraulically
actuated steering cylinders. The steering is controlled by the handwheel on
the pilots sidewall or by the rudder pedals. The handwheel can turn the
nose wheel 78 from center and the rudder pedals at full deflection can turn
the nose wheel 7 from center.
飛機在滑行、起飛及降落時的震動和撞擊可通過包含滑油和注入壓縮
空氣或氮氣的減震支柱減弱消除。縱向穩定性可通過鉸接的阻力桿在
起練架收起時折合在上方及后方。作動時，減震支柱里面的圓柱體在
外圓柱體里面轉動。扭力臂。
LESSON 15 FLIGHT CONTROLS
一、單詞
飛行Flight 操縱Control 機動動作maneuver
水平的Lateral 縱向的longitudinal 垂直的Vertical
軸Axes 增加Increase 升力Lift
起飛Takeoff 著陸Landing 阻力Drag
地面Ground 被分成Are divided
into
集團Group
主要的Primary 次要的Secondary 方法、手段Means
駕駛盤Control wheel 配平Trim 位置Position
導致Cause 轉動Rotate 姿.態Attitude
角度Angular 量； 值Amount 操縱面Control surface
建立Establish 大小、尺寸Magnitude 達到Reach
再成流線型Refair 全部的Total 對…起作用Act on
平衡Balance 保持remain 穩定的Stable
坡度bank 角度Angle 降低Lose
命令Command 駕駛艙Flight deck 操縱臺Control stand
傳感器Sensor 反饋Feedback 信號Signal
自動駕駛儀Autopilot 轉動鼓輪bus Drum 駕駛盤操縱Control wheel
steering
換能器transducer 副翼操縱力限制Aileron
force limiter
考慮Consider
升力中心Center lift 重心Center
gravity
反向力Counter force
橫滾Roll 俯仰（率） Pitch rate 駕駛桿Control column
扭力管Torque tube 調整片Tab 扇形盤quadrant
操縱桿Control rod 曲柄Crank 供給、容許admit
二、TEXT
(1) the flight controls provide maneuvering control about the lateral,
longitudinal, and vertical axes. They also provide increased lift for take off
and landing as well as increased aerodynamic drag both in flight and on
ground. Flight controls are divided into two major groups: primary and
secondary. The primary flight controls consist of the ailerons, elevators,
and rudder. The secondary flight controls consist of the spoilers, trailing
edge flaps, leading edge devices, and the stabilizer.We will introduce the
primary flight controls in this lesson.
飛行控制系統提供水平、縱向及垂直方向上的機動控制。它們同時也
為飛機在地面起飛時提供升力及從空中降落時提供空氣阻力。飛控系
統分為兩個主要部分：主飛控系統及次飛控系統。主飛行控制系統包
含副翼、升降舵及方向舵。次飛控系統包含擾流板、后緣襟翼、前緣
襟翼及水平安定面。本課主要講述主飛控系統。
(2) The aileron control system provides the means of rotating the airplane
about the longitudinal axis. The aileron control system is actuated by
rotation of either the captain’s or first officer’s aileron control wheel. The
autopilot system also provides a control input. These inputs control a
hydraulic powered system which drives the ailerons. Moving the ailerons
out of their trimmed position causes the airplane to ratote and change
attitude. The angular amount of control surface moved establishes the
“rate-of –change”.When the desired magnitude of attitude change has
been reached, the control surfaces are refaired, total forces acting on the
airplane are balanced and the airplane remains stable in a bank angle.
Since the airplane is in a bank, the wing loses some of its lift, so up
elevator command is used by the pilot or by the autopilot.
副翼控制系統提供飛機縱向轉動的方式。副翼控制系統通過轉動機長
或副駕位的副翼控制輪作動。自動駕駛系統也可提供控制輸入。這些
輸入控制驅動副翼的液壓動力系統。轉動副翼離開配平位置，致使飛
機轉動并改變姿態�？刂泼娼嵌鹊囊苿有纬�“變化率”。當姿態變化
達到希望的量值時，控制面再成流線型，作用在飛機上的合力達到平
衡，同時飛機在一個角度上保持穩定。因飛機有一定的角度，機翼升
力降低，所以駕駛員或自動駕駛系統會給出升降舵上升的命令。
(3) The ailerons are located on the outboard trailing edge of each wing.
Other aileron components are located in 3 main areas:
 Flight deck
The control wheels are located in the forward portion of the flight
deck. The aileron trim switch is located on the control stand.
 Wheel well area
The aileron power control units(PCU, convert a pilot or autopilot
mechanical driven input to a hydraulic power driven mechanical output to
drive the aileron) are located on the forward wall of the main wheel well.
The autopilot aileron actuators are located on the forward wall of the main
wheel well. The aileron position sensor provides two feedback postion
signal from the aileron system to the A/P system.
 Lower nose compartment
The control drum and bus drum are connected to the control wheel,
　
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