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Vertical Change of Radar Beam (feet)Change in Antenna Tilt10 nm010002000300040001000200030004000-1°0°-2°-3°-4°+1°+2°+3°+4°
Figure 6-41 Vertical Change in Radar Beam per Nautical Mile
Therefore, with the antenna tilt set so that the bottom of the beam is four degrees below parallel with the ground, a target return at 10 nm is approximately 4,000 feet below the aircraft; at 20 nm, 8,000 feet; at 50 nm, 20,000 feet. In other words, at this tilt setting, a ground return (such as a mountain peak) being displayed at 10 nm would have a maximum distance below the aircraft of 4,000 feet. When that ground target return moves to 5 nm, the maximum distance below the aircraft is 2,000 feet.
This setup provides a good starting point for practical use of the GWX 68. There are many other factors to consider in order to become proficient at using weather radar in all situations.
318 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-02 Rev. B
Hazard Avoidance voidance voidance
SYSTEM
OVERVIEW
FLIGHT
AUDIO PANEL EICAS INSTRUMENTS
& CNS
FLIGHT
MANAGEMENT
HAZARD
ADDITIONAL AFCS AVOIDANCE
INDEX APPENDICES FEATURES
Weathereather Mapping and Interpretationnterpretationnterpretation
Weathereather Displayisplay Interpretationnterpretationnterpretation
When evaluating various target returns on the weather radar display, the colors denote precipitation intensity and rates shown in the table.
Weather Mode Color
Intensity
Approximate
Precipitation Rate (in/hr.)
Black
< 23 dBZ
< .01.
Green
23 dBZ to < 32 dBZ
.01 - 0.1.
Yellow
32 dBZ to < 41 dBZ
0.1 - 0.5
Red
41 dBZ to < 50 dBZ
0.5 - 2
Magenta
50 dBZ and greater
> 2
Table 6-3 Precipitation Intensity Levels
T
hunderstorms
Updrafts and downdrafts in thunderstorms carry water through the cloud. The more severe the drafts, the greater the number and size of the precipitation droplets. With this in mind, the following interpretations can be made from what is displayed on the weather radar. Avoid these areas by an extra wide margin.
• In areas where the displayed target intensity is red or magenta (indicating large amounts of precipitation), the turbulence is considered severe.
• Areas that show steep color gradients (intense color changes) over thin bands or short distances suggest irregular rainfall rate and strong turbulence.
• Areas that show red or magenta are associated with hail or turbulence, as well as heavy precipitation. Vertical scanning and antenna tilt management may be necessary to identify areas of maximum intensity.
190-00494-02 Rev. B Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 319
Hazard Avoidance voidance voidance
SYSTEM
OVERVIEW
FLIGHT
INSTRUMENTS EICAS AUDIO PANEL
& CNS
FLIGHT
MANAGEMENT
HAZARD
AVOIDANCE AFCS ADDITIONAL
FEATURES APPENDICES INDEX
Along squall lines (multiple cells or clusters of cells in a line) individual cells may be in different stages of development. Areas between closely spaced, intense targets may contain developing clouds not having enough moisture to produce a return. However, these areas could have strong updrafts or downdrafts. Targets showing wide areas of green are generally precipitation without severe turbulence.
Irregularities in the target return may also indicate turbulence, appearing as hooks, fingers, or scalloped edges. These irregularities may be present in green areas with no yellow, red, or magenta areas and should be treated as highly dangerous areas. Avoid these areas as if they are red or magenta.
Figure 6-42 Cell IrregularitiesSteep GradientSquall LineHook or FingerScalloped Edge
Thunderstorm development is rapid. A course may become blocked within a short time. When displaying shorter ranges, periodically select a longer range to see if problems are developing further out. That can help prevent getting trapped in a blind alley or an area that is closed at one end by convective weather.
Figure 6-43 The Blind Alley - Horizontal Scan
320 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-02 Rev. B
Hazard Avoidance voidance voidance
SYSTEM
OVERVIEW
FLIGHT
AUDIO PANEL EICAS INSTRUMENTS
& CNS
FLIGHT
MANAGEMENT
HAZARD
ADDITIONAL AFCS AVOIDANCE
INDEX APPENDICES FEATURES
In areas of multiple heavy cells, use the Vertical Scan feature along with antenna tilt management to examine the areas. Remember to avoid shadowed areas behind targets.
Figure 6-44 The Blind AlleyThe Blind Alley at Close RangeThe Large Storm Behind
T
ornadoes
There are no conclusive radar target return characteristics which identify a tornado. However, tornadoes may be present if the following characteristics are observed:
　
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