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VOR –VHF Omni-directional Range
These NAVAIDs operate in a frequency range of 108.0 to 117.95 MHz and provide coverage appropriate to the assigned service volume. They are subject to line-of-sight restrictions and the reception will vary based on the altitude of the aircraft.
VOR Service Volume
VORs will have a designated range of reception called a service volume. The service volume is noted on air navigation charts in the frequency box with one of the following:
 T for Terminal
 L for Low Altitude
 H for High Altitude
The following information describes the three types of VORs you are likely to encounter during a flight.
Radar Contact Flight Planning
Version 4 December 2, 2007
Copyright JDT LLC 2005 Page 66
Terminal VOR
Terminal VOR provides reception from 1,000 AGL up to and including 12,000 AGL at a radial distance of 25 nautical miles.
Low Altitude VOR
Low Altitude VOR provides reception from 1,000 AGL up to and including 18,000 AGL at a radial distance of 40 nautical miles.
High Altitude VOR
High Altitude VOR provides reception from 1,000 AGL up to and including 14,500 AGL at a radial distance of 40 nautical miles, from 14,500 up to and including 60,000 feet AGL at a radial distance of 100 nautical miles, and from 18,000 AGL up to and including 45,000 AGL at radial distances of 130 nautical miles.
Radar Contact Flight Planning
Version 4 December 2, 2007
Copyright JDT LLC 2005 Page 67
VOR/DME
A VOR/DME is a VOR with Distance Measuring Equipment.
VORTAC
A VORTAC is a VOR co-located with TACAN Equipment.
Non-Directional Beacon - NDB
Normal frequency of operation is from 190 to 535 kHz. The NDB is used far less often than the VOR for enroute navigation and even less for terminal instrument approaches. However, it is worth knowing that these NAVAIDs also have specific service volumes for flight planning purposes. The four types of service volumes for NDBs are:
Class
Radial Distance
Compass Locator
15 Nautical Miles
Medium High – MH
25 Nautical Miles
High – H
50 Nautical Miles
High High – HH
75 Nautical Miles
Compass Locators may be used in conjunction with and co-located with the markers on an ILS approach and will be noted on the chart. An example would be LOM for Compass Locator at the Outer Marker.
Airways
Airways are commonly referred to as the “highways in the sky”. In the United States, there are two types of airways - low altitude (Victor airways) and high altitude (Jet routes).
Low Altitude Airways
Victor Airways consist of airways from 1,200 feet AGL (or as designated) up to but not including 18,000 feet MSL. Low altitude airways may be identified on a chart by a “V” followed by the number (V15).
High Altitude Airways
Jet Routes consist of airways from 18,000 feet MSL up to and including 45,000 feet MSL (FL180-450). High altitude airways may be identified on a chart by a “J” followed by the number (J80).
Airway Width
In order to be considered “on the airway” a pilot must remain within four nautical miles either side of the airway centerline.
Changeover Point
Changeover points are normally at the midpoint between two NAVAIDs unless noted otherwise on an enroute navigation chart. When a changeover point is not at the midpoint, mileage information will be depicted.
Radar Contact Flight Planning
Version 4 December 2, 2007
Copyright JDT LLC 2005 Page 68
Planning –With FS Navigator and FSBuild
Now you can begin constructing a flight plan. Your first route will utilize VORs and Victor Airways only, and will be suitable for a typical general aviation single engine aircraft such as the default Cessna 172. Your route of flight will be from Griffith-Merrillville (05C) to Lafayette/Purdue University airport (KLAF) with the routing as follows: 05C direct to Chicago Heights VOR (CGT), Victor Airway 7 to Boiler VOR (BVT) direct to KLAF. This route would appear on an air traffic control flight plan strip in the following format: 05C..CGT.V7.BVT..KLAF Two dots signify direct routing between two points, and a single dot signifies routing via a published airway or fix. If you plan a fix after a fix, use two dots. If you plan a route after a fix, use one dot.
Radar Contact Flight Planning
Version 4 December 2, 2007
Copyright JDT LLC 2005 Page 69
FS Navigator
Start up Flight Simulator and then bring up FSNavigator using the F9 key. You will then see a map similar to the following screen. Ensure that the ID check box is selected in the upper left hand corner. This allows a search by identifier. Type in 05C and then enter. The search results will come back with Griffith-Merrillville airport as shown below.
Radar Contact Flight Planning
Version 4 December 2, 2007
　
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