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elevation above sea level–5333 feet), the
aircraft altimeters would read zero if set to
QFE.
• IN THE AIR—the height above ground
(without consideration of temperature).
The “Q” codes referred to here may be found in
the Tables and Codes section of the Jeppesen
Sanderson airways manuals.
ASRS Directline
International
Altimetry continued…
Recommendations
• Review approach charts prior to the descent, approach and
landing phase. Each flight crew member should pay particular
attention to whether altimeter settings will be given in
inches (Hg), millibars (mb), or hectopascal (hPa).
• Use precise radio phraseology; confirm with ATC any radio
communication that is not fully understood. Radio phraseology
considered standard in one country may not be accepted
or understood in another.
• Keep more than one flight crew member in the communications
loop—including ATC clearances and ATIS messages.
• Practice good cockpit management technique. Include in the
approach briefing how the altimeter setting will be expressed.
• Observe proper crew coordination. Flight crews need to cross
check each other for accurate communication and procedure.
Question anything that does not seem right.
Some of the aspects involved, such as fatigue, will be more
difficult to overcome. Implementing sterile cockpit procedures,
avoiding distractions during periods of high cockpit workload,
and getting adequate crew rest and nourishment will help to
avoid those famous last words…I ASSUMED.
What’s a Pascal?
The term “hectopascal” is derived partly
from the name of a 17th century philosopher
and mathematician, and partly from
the Greek.
Blaise Pascal was born in 1623 in France. A
youthful genius in mathematics, at age 21
he developed and built the first digital
computer. Pascal’s Law of Pressure was
developed in 1647 and is the principle that
created hydraulic lifts, and eventually the
hydraulic brakes in our automobiles.
Using Evangelista Torricelli’s work on the
principle of the barometer, Pascal developed
his own method of measuring barometric
pressure.
Hecto is an irregular contraction of the
Greek word for hundred from the metric
system of measurement—hence hectopascal,
often abbreviated to HP or hPa. In
common usage, one hPa equals one millibar.
What the flight crew saw… But at a setting of 991 hectopascal,
with the altimeter misset to 29.91".
0
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
ALT
ALT
BARO
9 40
4
MB IN
1 0 1 2 2 9 9 1
0
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
ALT
ALT
BARO
3 00
4
MB IN
9 9 1 2 9 2 6
they were 120 feet below the MDA!
The non-precision approach
had an MDA of 420'. The
graphic on the left is what
the flight crew saw with a
misset altimeter.
The graphic on the right
shows that they were actually
120' below MDA at the
point of the go-around.
When executing a non-precision
approach, it is common
practice to use a higher
rate of descent than for an
ILS, thus by the time that the
aircraft’s descent rate was
arrested, they had descended
as low as 160'
above the surface.
HG HG
6 ASRS
Directline
One Zero Ways to Bust an Altitude
…Or Was That Eleven Ways?
H ere I am, the PIC (Passenger In Coach) on a coast-to-coast
wide-body, cruising along at flight level 350. I’m in Seat 25B
(one of the cheap seats), feeling fairly comfortable after recovering
from an earlier 1/2 incident which involved the guy in 24B suddenly
tilting his seat to the full recline position and spearing me with my
very own tray table. In any decent football league, that would have
been a 15-yard penalty, but I didn’t even get an “excuse me.”
No cracked ribs, so I try to relax, but I can’t
by Don George
because now I’m already worrying about the
fact that we will have to descend in a couple of
hours, and I know from reading a lot of ASRS
reports that our chances of getting down
through 11,000 and 10,000 feet without an
incident are pretty remote. I conjure up in my
mind a scenario which runs like this…
Controller will say, “…descend and cross three
zero miles west of Gulch VOR at one-onethousand,
reduce to two five zero knots, report
leaving flight level two zero zero, Podunk
　
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