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not always do the expected. Here are some examples.
Conflict On Departure
In one ASRS report, a heavy air carrier jet [aircraft 1] made a wide
left turn after departure, while the second aircraft, also a heavy air
carrier of similar type [aircraft 2] departing the same runway made
a tight left turn. A loss of separation resulted from the differing
performance exhibited by these two aircraft. The controller was
busy with 10 to 12 other aircraft and stated that by the time he saw
the developing situation, "...the two aircraft were about 4 miles
apart, but converging rapidly. I climb[ed] [aircraft 1] to 11,000 feet
and attempted to stop [aircraft 2’s] climb.” The controller also said
that “...when the targets converged, I estimated that [aircraft 1]
was 1000 to 1200 feet above [aircraft 2]. However I don’t think I
had the required separation all during this time.” The reporter
believes that the “...primary cause of this incident was [aircraft 1]
turning much wider than expected*, and [aircraft 2] turning much
more sharply and climbing much more quickly than anticipated*.”
(*Emphasis added.)
Conflict on Descent
In another ASRS report, a controller had opposite direction traffic
in his sector at FL330 and FL310 with good spacing between
aircraft. The higher aircraft (at FL330) was approaching destination
and requested a lower altitude. The controller, expecting a
normal rate of descent, issued a clearance to the higher aircraft to
descend to FL250. This aircraft had over 4 minutes to descend
through the altitude of the aircraft at FL310, and to FL290 or below
in order to maintain legal separation. (There were 14 or 15 other
aircraft also being worked by the controller, thus he was unable to
devote full attention to the descending aircraft.) Soon, however, the
controller noticed that the aircraft descending out of FL330 had a
“...rate of descent [that] was 400 feet per minute, slower than
expected.” Recognizing a deteriorating situation, he turned one
aircraft 20 degrees; however the turn was not timely enough to
prevent a loss of separation and an operational error.
continued on page 10...
Examples of
Unanticipated Performance
That Cause Problems
For ATC
• An aircraft on departure
leveling off momentarily,
increasing airspeed, and
inadvertently overtaking the
first departure
• Aircraft clearing the
runway too slowly after
landing, resulting in a goaround
for the following
aircraft.
• Pilots’ failing to advise
until too late that SID restrictions
cannot be met.
• Pilots’ accepting clearance
for an immediate takeoff,
and then delaying in
position.
• Aircraft prematurely
slowing to approach speed,
leading to excessive vectors
for other aircraft.
• Pilots’ acceptance of an
altitude crossing restriction,
and then announcing too
late “...unable to comply.”
• Pilot deviation from an
assigned route or vector
heading for weather avoidance
without ATC approval.
Page - 6 ASRS Directline
Time Allocation...
...and Navigation Errors by Roy Chamberlin
“At about level off —
(1) [Center A] cleared me off route...this required INS
change.
(2) [Center B] changed the oceanic route...this required
INS change as well as re-plot.
(3) [Center C] cleared me...this required INS change.
(4) [Center C] re-cleared direct...this required INS
change and re-plot.
(5) [Center C] (on next frequency) re-cleared me
...this required INS change and re-plot [etc.]”
And sometimes distraction has its origin in normal
routine: “...Captain was having breakfast” at the same
time a re-route and frequency change occurred, which
appears to have taken him out of the loop.
was not caught in time to prevent a major track
deviation.
the right...and advised us we were off course and in
[foreign and unfriendly] airspace.”
Tying The Threads: Critical Phase of Flight
Because the developing conditions experienced by
these flight crews were not extraordinary, they did
not recognize that high workload compounded by
distraction produced a situation of overload.
analysis of many previous reports where the flight
crews were placed in situations of overload, important
numbers and information tended to be disregarded or
discarded.
recognize a discrepancy.
presented, the flights were viewed as normal or
routine by the flight crews, but were actually near, or
　
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