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• assign an incorrect frequency to an aircraft
• experience an electrical system failure
• forget to turn on the aircraft alternator
• have a “stuck mike”
• tune the wrong frequency on the aircraft radio
• have an ATC facility radio failure
• get frequency blockage due to radio congestion
• fall asleep
• forget to switch to a new frequency
• try to communicate on the wrong radio.
Sound familiar? Perhaps you can think of thirty-eight
more. Given the potential hazards, a review of the
causes and effects of interruptions to communication
sounds like a pretty good idea. An initial investigation,
using ASRS records, examined the causes and effects of
loss of communication events. A follow-up study looked
at the principal human-factors issues involved in delayed
lost communication recognition on the part of
pilots who experienced this problem. Here are the six
most interesting findings of these two studies:
➊ Causes for Communication Interruption
Misset Radios
As can be seen in Figure 1, pilots’ inadvertent missetting
of aircraft radios or audio selectors accounted for over
half of all interruptions to communication. Notes a
pilot:
✍ “We were experiencing loud noise over the radio,
and so we tried switching radios while getting the
ATIS at the destination airport…and in turn left
Approach [Control] on the radio, but on the wrong
side (plane is equipped with flip/flop radios). After
several minutes of radio silence, we noticed what
had happened and switched Approach back on and
called them. The Controller was upset and announced
we had delayed 7 other aircraft due to our mistake.”
(ACN 189101)
Radio Problems
An aircraft radio problem or failure was the next most
commonly noted cause for loss of communication, but
pilots of general aviation (GA) aircraft (specifically light
single-engine types) were more likely to experience loss
of communication through aircraft radio failure than
were operators of other aircraft types. The following
report from a general aviation pilot illustrates not only
the potential problems with general aviation aircraft
electrical systems, but also a reasoned response by the
reporter, and the invaluable employment of a handheld
portable transceiver:
✍ “…In a single instant, the electrical system failed.
The off flags on the navigation receivers dropped, all
LCD [liquid crystal] displays disappeared, and there
was no reply light on the transponder. I attempted
radio contact anyway, but there was no sidetone in
my headset so I doubted I was transmitting. I heard
no other radio traffic. I was IMC at the time and
squawked 7700. I knew that the destination area
was VFR. However, I was transient and therefore
unfamiliar with the area. It took me a moment to
realize that I carry a portable transceiver for this
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very situation. I pulled it out, connected the headset,
and attached it [the radio] to the external antennae
cable. Unfortunately, I could not monitor the primary
Center frequency. That information was locked
in the memory of the now inoperative radio panel. I
had fallen into the trap of not manually logging on
paper the assigned frequency…I attempted contact
on 121.5 but got no response.
“I navigated as best as possible, and soon broke
out into VMC. I headed for the first airport I saw.
Some quick dead-reckoning and the VFR chart I had
been using to monitor flight progress led me to
believe, correctly, that it was Scottsdale. I changed
the hand-held frequency to Scottsdale Tower and
was able to make contact.” And after a safe landing…
“Maintenance examined the aircraft the next day
and determined that the [aircraft] battery had
shorted; at least one cell was dry.” (ACN 156291)
Blocked Frequency
A “stuck mike” (in which a microphone, radio transmitter,
or audio selector panel failed in the transmit mode)
was known to be the cause in about 60 percent of blocked
frequency incidents. ATC facility transmitters and combined
weather conditions/frequency overlap each accounted
for less than 10 percent of occurrences. The
following report is typical of stuck mike incidents:
✍ “Shortly after switching to Washington’s final
　
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