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markets. Note the use of a bulleted list instead of a dense block of text.
The Simplified Technical English is easier to read, write and learn as a second language.
SMART Controlled English - Telecommunications Documentation
This example shows the original text on the left and the Controlled English for a
telecommunications product on the right. In this example, the gobbledygook is removed and
technical information is easier to find and comprehend.
SMART Controlled English - Medical Devices
This example shows the original text on the left and the Controlled English for a medical device
on the right. In this example, the original is written by an engineer then simplified for a service
technician. The Controlled English offers a 30% saving in text and later localization costs.
About the author:
John M. Smart, is the Managing Partner of the language consulting firm, SMART Communications, Inc., in New York
City. The firm has 20 years of experience in text simplification, localization, language translation and globalization.
For more information contact: info@smartny.com
Aviation English Comes of Age
Fiona A Robertson, Outgoing President of ICAEA
Development of air-ground communication
If we are to feel that there has been a coming of age, we have to know what has gone before. To
avoid conducting a history lesson of the development of air-to-ground communications in civil
aviation, a short quiz was used. (see Quiz 1)
The final question of this quiz was “What does LPR mean?” Language Proficiency Requirements.
The importance of the introduction of LPR cannot be underestimated. The end-users of ground to air
communications in English will forever be indebted to ICAO and the PRICESG for this landmark in
aviation English history. This finally lays to rest the false assumption that RT phraseology is so
restricted in linguistic scope that the rest of English is not really necessary.
Language training development
While ground to air communication has been developing, so of course has the general language
training process. This has moved from the grammar-translation approach through many different
phases, the audio-lingual, audio-visual, structural, notional–functional, communicative, task based,
lexical, ESP (English for Special Purposes) and needs analyses. The modern language teacher has a
whole panoply of methodologies to choose from, many of which spring from advances in applied
linguistics.
Technical progress
Technical progress has meant much more variety of choice in delivery of training, as tape-recorders,
language laboratories and video machines have developed into multi-media labs, PC’s and interactive
whiteboards.
This has allowed teaching to, in effect, leave the classroom with distance learning by computer.
But such a hi-tech solution may not be appropriate for all circumstances. There is certainly still a need
for the low-tech course, and the face-to-face lesson.
Textbooks and materials
There has been a huge development in general English, into a veritable publishing industry for ELT
(English Language Training). From a very few titles on the shelves in the 1960’s, there are now large
fat catalogues of materials of all kinds.
Aviation English has followed only very slowly. The market is so specialised. But surely the days are
past when the aviation English teacher had to go out armed with a tape recorder and make their own
listening materials. There is just so much more available today, both published expressly for English
training, or materials available on line or on radio that can easily be downloaded. In this way, today’s
aviation English teacher can concentrate on the teaching and learning process in his or her classes
without worrying where the materials are coming from for the next lesson. Thank goodness for that –
how complex is the job of writing for self-access materials and distance learning.
Along with the development of aviation English teaching, there has also been the development of
ICAEA – the International Civil Aviation English Association. A very rapid overview was conducted on
that topic to bring everyone up to date on the various activities that have taken place down through
the years.(see Quiz 2)
The wider view
Aviation English is not just radiotelephony phraseology and plain English as used by pilots and
controllers. There are many other users of English in the aviation sphere, ground staff of all kinds –
engineers, coordinators, maintenance crew, front of house staff, cabin crew, airport staff, airline staff,
civil aviation authority staff etc etc. the list is much longer. It is to be hoped that improvements in
standards for pilots and controllers will lead to similar efforts for other aviation professions
　
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