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horrible, but the actual landing was surprisingly soft…
Distraction, fixation, and motor memory confusion all
played a roll in this unfortunate incident, but the
underlying cause was fatigue. My sleep-deprived mind
focused reasonably well on one thing at a time, but was
thrown off by a relatively minor distraction… The
assumption that I could safely fly dual when I was too
tired to fly solo was my basic mistake… If one is too tired
to fly solo, one shouldn’t take the controls of an airplane
period.
Distractions are a common factor in flying. Usually they
are overcome by concentrating on the task at hand or
through the use of checklists. But, as this pilot and his
instructor learned, when fixation and fatigue team up
with a distraction, costly mistakes can result.
CCAALLLLBBAACCKK From NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System
Number 283 April 2003
A Monthly Safety Bulletin
from
The Office of the NASA
Aviation Safety Reporting
System,
P.O. Box 189,
Moffett Field, CA
94035-0189
http://asrs.arc.nasa.gov/
February 2003 Report Intake
Air Carrier / Air Taxi Pilots 1757
General Aviation Pilots 526
Controllers 34
Cabin/Mechanics/Military/Other 114
TOTAL 2431
Bell 407 rotor mast crack
A300 tail vibration incident
Falcon 20 unlatched engine cowlings
Wake turbulence incident at a southern airport
Runway signage confusion at an eastern airport
ASRS Recently Issued Alerts On…
There are three basic principles of proper fuel
management. The first is knowing the aircraft fuel
system; second is preflight planning; third is
monitoring of actual fuel consumption. Pilots who
miss the basics may not make it all the way home.
Spring Training: Eliminating Fuel Errors
“This Is Like Déjà vu...
When the actual fuel burn differs from the planned burn
rate, range and endurance estimates must be revised
accordingly. In this report, another pilot didn’t have
enough fuel to make it over the fence.

Fuel planning indicated that we should have had one
hour and 15 minutes fuel remaining at the time of the loss
of power. The calculated fuel burn was 8.5 gallons per
hour. We had departed with full tanks, but had to make an
emergency landing in a field due to fuel starvation after
three hours and 15 minutes. That gives a consumption
rate of 12 gallons per hour. I suspect a fuel leak…. There
were no injuries and no damage.

The engines started to sputter. The emergency
procedure for fuel exhaustion was performed, but it did not
help the situation…. I…landed safely on a 500 foot cow
pasture…. I noticed that the fuel cap was not attached. I
had done a thorough preflight...and the fuel was topped
off. After departure, I noticed the fuel gauge reading 80
gallons. About 20 minutes later it read 50 gallons. I
monitored the fuel gauge and noticed it stabilized at 50
gallons. I...determined I had enough fuel to reach my
destination. Five minutes later the engines stopped. In
flight, I am unable to see the fuel cap.

According to an Airworthiness Directive (AD), 1,000
pounds was the minimum fuel total in the center tank. The
tank, which had been filled to 5,500 pounds, was used
down to zero due to a diversion of attention during climb
and cruise. There were numerous changes in altitude and
speed as a result of moderate turbulence. Too many
distractions involving flying the aircraft through the
turbulence diverted our attention from this supplemental
procedure.
Fuel errors happen, even in the majors. A few change-ups
disrupted this B757 crew’s attention to fuel monitoring.
The pilot who submitted this report lost his cap and then
joined the rest of the team... out in the field.
Field of Dreams: If You Plow
It, They Will Come
By including fuel quantity in
a periodic scan of the aircraft
instruments, an abnormal
trend in fuel consumption can
be noted and range
calculations adjusted
accordingly. This pilot did not recognize the signs, tried to
change the game plan, and wound up out in left field.

This was a break-in/ferry flight to bring the aircraft
back from engine overhaul to the home field.... The fuel
tanks had been...topped off to make sure they were full....
The aircraft has two 18-gallon tanks for a total of 36
gallons (35 gallons usable). After one hour of flight, the
power was reduced from 75% to 65% per the break-in
instructions and the fuel quantities were checked. The
right tank indicated empty and the left tank was selected.
　
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