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lives, health or welfare of others; and/or
b) causes or worsens an occupational, social, mental or
physical problem or disorder.
Psychoactive substances. Alcohol, opioids, cannabinoids,
sedatives and hypnotics, cocaine, other psychostimulants,
hallucinogens, and volatile solvents, whereas coffee and
tobacco are excluded.
Quality system. Documented organizational procedures and
policies; internal audit of those policies and procedures;
management review and recommendation for quality
improvement.
Rated air traffic controller. An air traffic controller holding a
licence and valid ratings appropriate to the privileges to be
exercised.
Rating. An authorization entered on or associated with a
licence and forming part thereof, stating special conditions,
privileges or limitations pertaining to such licence.
Rendering (a licence) valid. The action taken by a Contracting
State, as an alternative to issuing its own licence, in accepting
a licence issued by any other Contracting State as the
equivalent of its own licence.
Sign a maintenance release (to). To certify that maintenance
work has been completed satisfactorily in accordance with
the applicable Standards of airworthiness, by issuing the
maintenance release referred to in Annex 6.
Significant. In the context of the medical provisions in
Chapter 6, significant means to a degree or of a nature that
is likely to jeopardize flight safety.
Solo flight time. Flight time during which a student pilot is the
sole occupant of an aircraft.
Threat. Events or errors that occur beyond the influence of the
flight crew, increase operational complexity and must be
managed to maintain the margin of safety.
Annex 1 — Personnel Licensing Chapter 1
23/11/06 1-4
Threat management. The process of detecting and responding
to threats with countermeasures that reduce or eliminate the
consequences of threats and mitigate the probability of
errors or undesired aircraft states.
Note.— See Attachment C to Chapter 3 of the Procedures
for Air Navigation Services — Training (PANS-TRG,
Doc 9868) for a description of undesired aircraft states.
1.2 General rules concerning licences
Note 1.— Although the Convention on International Civil
Aviation allocates to the State of Registry certain functions
which that State is entitled to discharge, or obligated to
discharge, as the case may be, the Assembly recognized, in
Resolution A23-13, that the State of Registry may be unable
to fulfil its responsibilities adequately in instances where
aircraft are leased, chartered or interchanged — in particular
without crew — by an operator of another State and that the
Convention may not adequately specify the rights and obligations
of the State of an operator in such instances until such
time as Article 83 bis of the Convention enters into force.
Accordingly, the Council urged that if, in the abovementioned
instances, the State of Registry finds itself unable
to discharge adequately the functions allocated to it by the
Convention, it delegate to the State of the Operator, subject
to acceptance by the latter State, those functions of the State
of Registry that can more adequately be discharged by the
State of the Operator. While Article 83 bis of the Convention
entered into force on 20 June 1997 in respect of Contracting
States which have ratified the related Protocol (Doc 9318),
the foregoing action will remain particularly relevant for
those Contracting States which do not have treaty relations
under Article 83 bis. It was understood that pending entry
into force of Article 83 bis of the Convention, the foregoing
action would only be a matter of practical convenience and
would not affect either the provisions of the Chicago
Convention prescribing the duties of the State of Registry or
any third State. However, as Article 83 bis of the Convention
entered into force on 20 June 1997, such transfer agreements
will have effect in respect of Contracting States which have
ratified the related Protocol (Doc 9318) upon fulfilment of the
conditions established in Article 83 bis.
Note 2.— International Standards and Recommended
Practices are established for licensing the following personnel:
a) Flight crew
— private pilot — aeroplane, airship, helicopter or
powered-lift;
— commercial pilot — aeroplane, airship, helicopter or
powered-lift;
— multi-crew pilot — aeroplane;
— airline transport pilot — aeroplane, helicopter or
powered-lift
— glider pilot;
— free balloon pilot;
　
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