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relative to one of the fmes shown on the F-PLN page. This
causes the MCDU to present what is essentially a dialogue box
for changing the current flight plan at the selected fix. This
action, for a fix F, can be viewed as a set of combined
operational-phasea cts:
(6) select(U. S, fix(F))
where Act 6 is a domain act and Act 7 is a meta act. Together,
they lead to domain and meta responses involving a set of
action types As.:
(8) offer-choice(S, U, actions-types-for(fix(F),
action-types(W))
(9) presentJisplay(S, U, lateral-revision(fix(F))
Selecting the hold prompt causes the system to
understand that the kind of navigation function to be
undertaken relative to the fix will be a hold. Note that this does
not cause the hold to happen but simply says that when the
modified flight plan is activated there will be a hold associated
with this fix. This action can be viewed as an operationalphase
domain act:
(10) select(U, S, actionJype(hold-at))
that results in the following system acts:
(11) S shows data for hold at fix F
(12) S offers choice of actions(revise, do or cancel)
The succeeding actions in the procedure give rise to further,
similarly expressed, acts.
Note that this prooedure as presented in the FCOM also
contains some clear referential-phase me&acts such as the
titling convention for the procedure’s name, the use of the label
‘procedure,” and the icon for the F-PLN key. When modeled
formally in the analyses reported below, the meta-referential
acts typically require notation that marks parts of the
presentation of the procedure. For example, the holding-pattern
procedute involves generating tokens to denote the limits of
the procedure:
245
mark(S, tO07, procedure):
Marked with title and formatting
<t007>
command&J, S, offer-choice(S, U, fixes@)))
(rest of procedure omitted)
</t007>
Similar tokens mark other me&referential elements such as
the denotation of “F-PLN” as a key by surrounding it with a
box.
Here, then, is a complete AFP representation of an airline’s
FCOM for a procedure for completing entry of preflight
information on winds through the interface to the FMGS. The
specific meaning of the procedure is not particularly interesting
or relevant here. The phases and functions are noted in the lefthand
columns (for example, RM means referential-meta and
OD means operational-domain), interface fields are denoted by a
leading question-mark (e.g., ?site), and variables are denoted by
lower-case italic characters (e.g., w), and a variable’s class is
denoted by an expression following a colon.
RM
RD OD
OM
OD
RM
RD OD
OD
OM
OD
mark(S, tO06, procedure):
Marked with formatting
<t006>
if(not(check(U, tropo, ?standard))
then(modify(U, tropo, ?site))
command(U, S, display(S, U,
page(history-wind)))
inform(U, S, wind(w:flt-lvl(f),
windspeed(m
mark(S, tOO6ae, xplanation)
Marked with indented formatting
ct006a>
enter&J, wind(w: { cruise wind from afpam)),
scratchqad)
enter&J, wind(w), field-for(fltJvl(f))
inform(S, U, causes(enter(Uw, ind(w),
field-for(fltJvl(f))), effects( (entitle(S,
page0listory_wind), wind))))
command(U, S, use(wind(w), page(wind)))
</t006a>
</t006>
This example is representative of the procedures we analand
shows how acts in both functions and both phases ate
interleaved to produce the documentation. Some prooedures
were much longer.
Use of AFP along these lines should aid authors of
documentation in a number of ways. First, the predicate
representation of acts makes possible formal reasoning about
the effectiveness of the procedures. If suitable initial and final
conditions were formulated, it should be possible to show that
a documented procedure does (or does not) connect them.
Second, the explicit representation of acts in terms of both
functions and phases makes possible connecting them through
heuristics or perhaps more formal rules that lead from content
to expression.
4. ANALYSIS
Using the AFP view, a detailed analysis was conducted, of
several FMGS procedures. In addition to determining the
practicality of applying the AFP view, the analysis sought to
determine typical acts, both domain and meta, and to provide a
basis for a rough estimate of the number of acts, relations ard
entities contained in the FMGS sections of the FCOM. The
analysis found acts and relations that were either dependenot r
　
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