曝光臺 注意防騙 網曝天貓店富美金盛家居專營店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費者

BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................89
NORTH ATLANTIC MNPSA OPERATIONS MANUAL CHAPTER 1
NAT MNPS 1 Edition 2005
Chapter 1: Operational Approval and Aircraft System Requirements
for Flight in the NAT MNPS Airspace
Pilots may fly across the North Atlantic within MNPS Airspace only if they are in
possession of the appropriate MNPS and RVSM Approvals issued by the State of
Registry of the aircraft or by the State of the Operator.
1.1 GENERAL
1.1.1 It is implicit in the concept of MNPS that all flights within the airspace achieve the highest
standards of horizontal and vertical navigation performance and accuracy. Formal monitoring programmes
are undertaken to quantify the achieved performances and to compare them with standards required to ensure
that established Target Levels of Safety (TLS) are met.
Note : - Collision Risk Modelling is used to estimate risk in each of the three dimensions (i.e.
lateral, longitudinal and vertical). Target maxima set for these estimates are expressed in terms
of potential collisions per flight hour and are known as “Target Levels of Safety(TLSs)”.
1.1.2 Aircraft operating within MNPS Airspace are required to meet a Minimum Navigation
Performance Specification (MNPS) in the horizontal plane through the mandatory carriage and proper use of
a specified level of navigation equipment that has been approved by the State of Registry, or State of the
Operator, for the purpose. Such approvals encompass all aspects affecting the expected navigation
performance of the aircraft, including the designation of appropriate cockpit/flght deck operating procedures.
The requirements are set out in ICAO NAT Doc 001, ‘Consolidated Guidance and Information Material
concerning Air Navigation in the North Atlantic Region’ (available at http://www.nat-pco.org/ ).
1.1.3 With the final phase implementation of RVSM at all levels in NAT MNPS Airspace
(January 2002), all aircraft intending to operate within NAT MNPS Airspace must be equipped with
altimetry and height-keeping systems which meet RVSM Minimum Aircraft System Performance
Specifications (MASPS). RVSM MASPS are contained in ICAO Doc 9574 and detailed in designated FAA
document, 91-RVSM, and in Joint Aviation Authority (JAA) Temporary Guidance Leaflet (TGL No.6),
Revision 1. These documents can be downloaded from: http://www.faa.gov/ats/ato/rvsm1.htm and
http://www.ecacnav.com/rvsm/library.htm respectively).
1.1.4 NAT Doc 001 (available at http://www.nat-pco.org/ ) is maintained by the ICAO European
and North Atlantic Office (Paris) and is provided, together with the RVSM MASPS documents, to assist
States of Registry, operators, owners and planning staff who are responsible for issuing or obtaining
MNPS/RVSM approvals for aircraft. However, the ultimate responsibility for checking that a NAT
MNPS/RVSM flight has the necessary approval(s) rests with the pilot in command. In the case of most
regular scheduled flights this check is a matter of simple routine but pilots of special charter flights, private
flights, ferry and delivery flights are advised to pay particular attention to this matter. Routine monitoring of
NAT traffic regularly reveals examples of pilots of non-approved flights, from within these user groups,
flight planning or requesting clearance within MNPS Airspace. All such instances are prejudicial to safety
and are referred to relevant State Authorities for further action.
1.1.5 While not a specific element of NAT MNPS approval, pilots and operators are reminded that
for flights over the NAT, ICAO SARPS Annex 6, Part 1, Chapter 6, requires carriage of Emergency Locator
Transmitters (ELTs). It should be further noted that new specifications for these beacons to operate
exclusively on frequency 406 MHz (but with a 121.5 MHz search and rescue homing capability) have been
in effect since January 2005. New aircraft have been required to be so equipped since 2005.
NORTH ATLANTIC MNPSA OPERATIONS MANUAL CHAPTER 1
NAT MNPS 2 Edition 2005
1.2 APPROVAL
1.2.1 Approval for MNPS operations will require the checking by the State of Registry or State of
the Operator, of various aspects affecting navigation performance. These aspects include: the navigation
equipment used, together with its installation and maintenance procedures; plus the crew navigation
procedures employed and the crew training requirements.
1.2.2 Since MNPS Airspace is now designated as RVSM airspace at all levels (i.e. FL290-410
inclusive) State RVSM Approval is also required to operate within MNPS Airspace. RVSM Approvals
prescribe both airworthiness requirements, to ensure aircraft height-keeping performance in accordance with
　
中國航空網 www.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：航空資料35(56)