GEN 3.4 Communication Service

1. Responsible Authority
1.1 The authority responsible for the administration of communications services in the U.S. is the Federal Aviation Administration, Communication, Naviga-tion, Surveillance, and Infrastructure.
Postal Address:
Federal Aviation Administration
Communications, Navigation, Surveillance, and Infrastructure (ARN.1 ) 400 7th Street, SW Washington, D.C. 20590 AFTN Address: KDCAYAYX Commercial Telegraphic Address:
ACIVAIR Washington DC
Telex: 892.562

2. Area of Responsibility
2.1 Communications services are available on a continuous basis without charge to the user. The Air Traffic Services Division is responsible for the establishment of the operational requirements of the
U.S. communications system. Responsibility for the day to day operation of these services resides with the local air traffic facility. Enquiries or complaints regarding any communications services or facilities should be referred to the relevant air traffic facility or to the Federal Aviation Administration, Air Traffic Operations Services, as appropriate.
3. Types of Services
3.1 Radio Navigation Service
3.1.1 Various types of air navigation aids are in use today, each serving a special purpose. These aids have varied owners and operators, namely: the Federal Aviation Administration, the military services, private organizations; and individual states and foreign governments. The Federal Aviation Adminis-tration has the statutory authority to establish, operate, and maintain air navigation facilities and to prescribe standards for the operation of any of these aids which are used by both civil and military aircraft for instrument flight in federally controlled airspace.
These aids are tabulated in the Airport/Facility Directory by State.
3.1.2 Pilots should be aware of the possibility of momentary erroneous indications on cockpit displays when the primary signal generator for a ground. based navigational transmitter (for example, a glideslope, VOR, or nondirectional beacon) is inoperative. Pilots should disregard any navigation indication, regardless of its apparent validity, if the particular transmitter was identified by NOTAM or otherwise as unusable or inoperative.
3.1.3 The following types of radio navigation aids are provided in the U.S.:
3.1.3.1 VHF Direction.Finding (VHF.DF).
3.1.3.2 LF Non.Directional Beacon (NDB).
3.1.3.3 VHF Omni.Directional Radio Range (VOR).
3.1.3.4 Distance Measuring Equipment (DME).
3.1.3.5 Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN).
3.1.3.6 Instrument Landing System (ILS).
3.1.3.7 Final Approach Simplified Directional Fa-cility (SDF).
3.1.3.8 Precision Approach Radar (PAR) at certain military aerodromes.
3.1.3.9 LORAN.
3.1.3.10 Global Positioning System (GPS).
3.1.4 NAVAID Service Volumes
3.1.4.1 Most air navigation radio aids which provide positive course guidance have a designated standard service volume (SSV). The SSV defines the reception limits of unrestricted NAVAIDs which are usable for random/unpublished route navigation.
3.1.4.2 A NAVAID will be classified as restricted if it does not conform to flight inspection signal strength and course quality standards throughout the published SSV. However, the NAVAID should not be considered usable at altitudes below that which could be flown while operating under random route IFR conditions; even though these altitudes may lie within the designated SSV.

NOTE.
Refer to Federal Aviation Regulations (14 CFR Sec-tion 91.177) for minimum altitudes for IFR operations. Service volume restrictions are first published in the Notices to Airman (NOTAMs) and then with the alphabetical listing of the NAVAIDs in the Airport/Facility Directory.
3.1.4.3 Standard service volume limitations do not apply to published IFR routes or procedures.
3.1.4.4 VOR/DME/TACAN Standard Service Vol-umes (SSV):
 a) SSVs are graphically shown in FIG GEN 3.4.1, FIG GEN 3.4.2, FIG GEN 3.4.3, FIG GEN 3.4.4, and FIG GEN 3.4.5. The SSV of a station is indicated by using the class designator as a prefix to the station type designation.
EXAMPLE.
TVOR, LDME, and HVORTAC.
 b) Within 25 NM, the bottom of the T service volume is defined by the curve in FIG GEN 3.4.4. Within 40 NM, the bottoms of the L and H service volumes are defined by the curve in FIG GEN 3.4.5.
FIG GEN 3.4.1
Standard High Altitude Service Volume
(See FIG GEN 3.4.5 for altitudes below 1,000 feet.)

60,000 ft. 130 NM
45,000 ft.

18,000 ft. 14,500 ft.

FIG GEN 3.4.2
Standard Low Altitude Service Volume
(See FIG GEN 3.4.5 for altitudes below 1,000 feet.)
　
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