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NOTE.
To acknowledge tower transmissions during daylight hours, hovering helicopters will turn in the direction of the controlling facility and flash the landing light. While in flight, helicopters should show their acknowledgment of receiving a transmission by making shallow banks in opposite directions. At night, helicopters will acknowledge receipt of transmissions by flashing either the landing or the search light.
   c) Transmitter and Receiver Inoperative. Remain outside or above Class D airspace until the direction and flow of traffic has been determined, then join the airport traffic pattern and maintain visual contact with tower to receive light signals.
4.5.7.2 Departing Aircraft. If you experience radio failure prior to leaving the parking area, make every effort to have the equipment repaired. If you are unable to have the malfunction repaired, call the tower by telephone and request authorization to depart without two.way radio communications. If tower authorization is granted, you will be given departure information and requested to monitor the tower frequency or watch for light signals, as appropriate. During daylight hours, acknowledge tower transmissions or light signals by moving the ailerons or rudder. At night, acknowledge by blinking the landing or navigation lights. If radio malfunction occurs after departing the parking area, watch the tower for light signals or monitor tower frequency.
4.5.8 Contact Procedures
4.5.8.1 Initial Contact
 a) The terms “initial contact” or “initial call up” mean the first radio call you make to a given facility, or the first call to a different controller/FSS specialist within a facility. Use the following format:
 1) Name of facility being called.
 2) Your full aircraft identification as filed in the flight plan or as discussed under aircraft call signs.
 3) When operating on an airport surface, state your position.
 4) The type of message to follow or your request if it is short; and
 5) The word “Over,” if required.
EXAMPLE.
1.
“New York Radio, Mooney Three One One Echo.”

2.
“Columbia Ground, Cessna Three One Six Zero Foxtrot, south ramp, I.F.R Memphis.”

3.
“Miami Center, Baron Five Six Three Hotel, request VFR traffic advisories.”

 b) Many FSSs are equipped with remote commu-nications outlets and can transmit on the same frequency at more than one location. The frequencies available at specific locations are indicated on charts above FSS communications boxes. To enable the specialist to utilize the correct transmitter, advise the location and frequency on which you expect a reply.
EXAMPLE.
St. Louis FSS can transmit on frequency 122.3 at either Farmington, MO, or Decatur, IL. If you are in the vicinity of Decatur, your callup should be “Saint Louis radio, Piper Six Niner Six Yankee, receiving Decatur One Two Two Point Three.”
 c) If radio reception is reasonably assured, inclusion of your request, your position or altitude, the phrase “Have numbers” or “Information Charlie received” (for ATIS) in the initial contact helps decrease radio frequency congestion. Use discretion and do not overload the controller with information he/she does not need. When you do not get a response from the ground station, recheck your radios or use another transmitter and keep the next contact short.
EXAMPLE.
“Atlanta Center, Duke Four One Romeo, request VFR traffic advisories, Twenty Northwest Rome, Seven Thousand Five Hundred, over.”

4.5.9 Initial Contact when your Transmitting and Receiving Frequencies are Different
4.5.9.1 If you are attempting to establish contact with a ground station and you are receiving on a different frequency than that transmitted, indicate the VOR name or the frequency on which you expect a reply. Most FSSs and control facilities can transmit on several VOR stations in the area. Use the appropriate FSS call sign as indicated on charts.
EXAMPLE.
New York FSS transmits on the Kennedy, Deer Park and Calverton VORTACs. If you are in the Calverton area, your callup should be “New York Radio, Cessna Three One Six Zero Foxtrot, receiving Riverhead VOR, over.”
4.5.9.2 If the chart indicates FSS frequencies above the VORTAC or in FSS communications boxes, transmit or receive on those frequencies nearest your location.
4.5.9.3 When unable to establish contact and you wish to call any ground station, use the phrase “any radio (tower) (station), give Cessna Three One Six Zero Foxtrot a call on (frequency) or (VOR).” If an emergency exists or you need assistance, so state.
4.5.10 Subsequent Contacts and Responses to Call Up from a Ground Facility. Use the same format as used for initial contact except you should state your message or request with the call up in one transmission. The ground station name and the word “Over” may be omitted if the message requires an obvious reply and there is no possibility for misunderstandings. You should acknowledge all callups or clearances unless the controller of FSS specialist advises otherwise. There are some occasions when the controller must issue time.criti-cal instructions to other aircraft and he/she may be in a position to observe your response, either visually or on radar. If the situation demands your response, take appropriate action or immediately advise the facility of any problem. Acknowledge with your aircraft identification, either at the beginning or at the end of your transmission, and one of the words “Wilco, Roger, Affirmative, Negative” or other appropriate remarks; e.g., “Piper Two One Four Lima, Roger.” If you have been receiving services such as VFR traffic advisories and you are leaving the area or changing frequencies, advise the ATC facility and terminate contact.
　
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