AIP United States of America 10 MAR 11 GEN 3.5.71
EXAMPLE. METAR report and explanation: EXAMPLE. SPECI report and explanation:
METAR KBNA 281250Z 33018KT 290V360 1/2SM R31/2700FT SN BLSN FG VV008 00/M03 A2991 RMK RAE42SNB42 SPECI KCVG 152224Z 28024G36KT 3/4SM +TSRA BKN008 OVC020CB 28/23 A3000 RMK TSRAB24 TS W MOV E.
METAR Aviation routine weather report
KBNA Nashville, TN
281250Z 28th day of month; time 1250 UTC
(no modifier) This is a manually generated report, due to the absence of “AUTO” and “AO1 or AO2” in remarks.
33018KT Wind three three zero at one eight
290V360 Wind variable between two nine zero and three six zero
1/2SM Visibility one half statute mile
R31/2700FT Runway three one RVR two thousand seven hundred feet
SN Moderate snow
BLSN FG Visibility obscured by blowing snow and fog
VV008 Indefinite ceiling eight hundred
00/M03 Temperature zero; dew point minus three
A2991 Altimeter two niner niner one
RMK Remarks
RAE36 Rain ended at three six
SNB42 Snow began at four two
SPECI Nonroutine aviation special weather report
KCVG Cincinnati, OH
152224Z 15th day of month; time 2224 UTC
(no modifier) This is a manually generated report due to the absence of “AUTO” and “AO1 or AO2” in remarks.
28024G36KT Wind two eight zero at two four gusts three six
3/4SM Visibility three fourths statute mile
+TSRA Thunderstorms, heavy rain
BKN008 Ceiling eight hundred broken
OVC020CB Two thousand overcast cumulonim-bus clouds
28/23 Temperature two eight; dew point two three
A3000 Altimeter three zero zero zero
RMK Remarks
TSRAB24 Thunderstorm and rain began at two four
TS W MOV E Thunderstorm west moving east
30.4 Aerodrome Forecast (TAF). A concise state-ment of the expected meteorological conditions at an airport during a specified period. At most locations, TAFs have a 24 hour forecast period. However, TAFs for some locations have a 30 hour forecast period. These forecast periods may be shorter in the case of an amended TAF. TAFs use the same codes as METAR weather reports. They are scheduled four times daily for 24.hour periods beginning at 0000Z, 0600Z, 1200Z, and 1800Z.
Forecast times in the TAF are depicted in two ways. The first is a 6.digit number to indicate a specific point in time, consisting of a two.digit date, two.digit hour, and two.digit minute (such as issuance time or FM). The second is a pair of four.digit numbers separated by a “/” to indicate a beginning and end for a period of time. In this case, each four.digit pair consists of a two.digit date and a two.digit hour.
TAFs are issued in the following format:
TYPE OF REPORT/ICAO STATION IDEN-
TIFIER/DATE AND TIME OF ORIGIN/VAL-
ID PERIOD DATE AND TIME/FORECAST
METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
NOTE.
The “/” above and in the following descriptions are for separation purposes in this publication and do not appear in the actual TAFs.
TAF KORD 051130Z 0512/0618 14008KT 5SM BR
BKN030
TEMPO 0513/0516 1 1/2SM BR
FM051600 16010KT P6SM SKC
FM052300 20013G20KT 4SM SHRA OVC020
PROB40 0600/0606 2SM TSRA OVC008CB
BECMG 0606/0608 21015KT P6SM NSW SCT040
TAF format observed in the above example:
TAF = type of report
KORD = ICAO station identifier
051130Z = date and time of origin (issuance time)
0512/0618 = valid period date and times
14008KT 5SM BR BKN030 = forecast meteorolo-gical conditions
30.4.1 Explanation of TAF elements
30.4.1.1 Type of Report. There are two types of TAF issuances, a routine forecast issuance (TAF) and an amended forecast (TAF AMD). An amended TAF is issued when the current TAF no longer adequately describes the on.going weather or the forecaster feels the TAF is not representative of the current or expected weather. Corrected (COR) or delayed (RTD) TAFs are identified only in the communica-tions header which precedes the actual forecasts.
30.4.1.2 ICAO Station Identifier. The TAF code uses ICAO 4.letter location identifiers as described in the METAR section.
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