aWith visibility minimum as low as 1.2 km; bwith visibility minimum greater than 1.2 km; ccriteria less demanding than Annex 14 Table 4.1 dimensions and slopes. dUtility runways are intended to serve propeller.driven aircraft having a maximum take.off mass of 5,570 kg.
Chapter 4 Obstacle Restriction and Removal
4.1 Obstacle limitation surfaces similar to those described in 4.1.4.20 are found in 14 CFR Part 77.
4.1.21 A balked landing surface is not used.
4.1.25 The U.S. does not establish take.off climb obstacle limitation areas and surface, per se, but does specify protective surfaces for each end of the runway based on the type of approach procedures available or planned. The dimensions and slopes for these surfaces and areas are listed in the table above.
4.2 The dimensions and slopes of U.S. approach areas and surfaces are set forth in the above table. Aviation regulations do not prohibit construction of fixed objects above the surfaces described in these sections.
4.2.1 Primary surface is also used as a civil airport imaginary surface. Primary surface is a surface longitudinally centered on a runway. U.S. uses the width of the primary surface of a runway as prescribed in 14 CFR Part 77.25 for the most precise approach existing or planned for either end of that runway.
4.2.8 The slope and dimensions of the approach surface applied to each end of a runway are determined by the most precise approach existing or planned for that runway end.
4.2.9 Approach surfaces are applied to each end of each runway based upon the type of approach available or planned for that runway end.
4.2.10, 4.2.11 Any proposed construction of or alteration to an existing structure is normally considered to be physically shielded by one or more existing permanent structure(s), natural terrain, or topographic feature(s) of equal or greater height if the structure under consideration is located within the lateral dimensions of any runway approach surface but would not exceed an overall height above the established airport elevation greater than that of the outer extremity of the approach surface, and located within, but would not penetrate, the shadow plane(s) of the shielding structure(s).
4.2.12 The basic principle in applying shielding guidelines is whether the location and height of the structures are such that aircraft, when operating with due regard for the shielding structure, would not collide with that structure.
4.2.16 The size of each imaginary surface is based on the category of each runway according to the type of approach available or planned for that runway. The slope and dimensions of the approach surface applied to each end of a runway are determined by the most precise approach existing or planned for that runway end.
4.2.17 Approach surfaces are applied to each end of each runway based upon the type of approach available or planned for that runway end.
Chapter 5 Visual Aids for Navigation
5.2.1.7* The U.S. does not require unpaved taxiways to be marked.
5.2.2.2* The U.S. does not require a runway designator marking for unpaved runways.
5.2.2.4 Zeros are not used to precede single.digit runway markings. An optional configuration of the numeral 1 is available to designate a runway 1 and to prevent confusion with the runway centerline.
5.2.4.2* 5.2.4.3* Threshold markings are not required, but sometimes provided, for non.instrument runways that do not serve international operations.
5.2.4.5 The current U.S. standard for threshold designation is eight stripes, except that more than eight stripes may be used on runways wider than 45 meters. After 1 January 2008, the U.S. standard will comply with Annex 14.
5.2.4.6 The width and spacing of threshold stripes will comply with Annex 14 after 1 January 2008.
5.2.4.10 When a threshold is temporarily displaced, there is no requirement that runway or taxiway edge markings, prior to the displaced threshold, be obscured. These markings are removed only if the area is unsuitable for the movement of aircraft.
5.2.5.2 5.2.5.3* Aiming point markings are required on precision instrument runways and code 3 and 4 runways used by jet aircraft.
5.2.5.4 The aiming point marking commences 306 meters from the threshold at all runways.
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