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3.4 National Weather Service Aviation Products
3.4.1 Weather service to aviation is a joint effort of the NWS, the FAA, the military weather services, and other aviation oriented groups and individuals. The NWS maintains an extensive surface, upper air, and radar weather observing program and a nationwide aviation weather forecasting service. Pilot weather briefings are provided by personnel at Flight Service Stations operated by FAA (in Alaska) or by federal contract facilities (elsewhere in the U.S.). Surface weather observations are taken by the NWS and NWS.certified FAA, contract, and supplemental observers and by automated observing systems. (See paragraph 7., Weather Observing Programs.)
3.4.2 Weather element values may be expressed by using different measurement systems depending on several factors including the user of the weather products; i.e., the general public, aviation interests, international services, or a combination of these users. FIG GEN 3.5.1, Weather Elements Conver-sion Tables, provides conversion tables for the weather elements that will be most often encountered by pilots.

FIG GEN 3.5.1
Weather Elements Conversion Tables

3.5 FAA Weather Services
3.5.1 The FAA maintains a nationwide network of AFSSs/FSSs to serve the weather needs of pilots. In addition, NWS meteorologists are assigned to all Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCCs) as part the Center Weather Service Unit (CWSU). They provide advisory service and short.term forecasts (nowcasts) to support the needs of the FAA and other users of the national airspace system.
3.5.2 The primary source of preflight weather briefings is an individual briefing obtained from a briefer at the AFSS/FSS. These briefings, which are tailored to your specific flight, are available 24 hours a day through the use of toll free number 1.800.WX.BRIEF. Numbers for these services can be found in the Airport/Facility Directory under the “FAA and NWS Telephone Numbers” section. They may also be listed in the U.S. Government section of your local telephone directory under Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration.

3.5.3 Other Sources of Weather Information
3.5.3.1 Telephone Information Briefing Service (TIBS) (AFSS); and in Alaska, Transcribed Weather Broadcast (TWEB) locations, and telephone access to the TWEB (TEL.TWEB) provide continuously updated recorded weather information for short or local flights. Separate paragraphs in this section give additional information regarding these services.
3.5.3.2 Weather and aeronautical information is also available from numerous private industry sources on an individual or contract pay basis. Information on how to obtain this service should be available from local pilot organizations.
3.5.3.3 The Direct User Access System (DUATS) can be accessed by U.S. certified pilots with a current medical certificate toll.free via personal computer. Pilots can receive alpha.numeric preflight weather data and file domestic VFR and IFR flight plans. The following are the contract DUATS vendors:
Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC) 15000 Conference Center Drive Chantilly, VA 22021.3808 Internet Access: http://www.duats.com Telnet Access (modem terminal.style):
(800) 767.9989 or telnet://direct.duats.com For customer service: (800) 345.3828
Data Transformation Corporation (DTC) 108.D Greentree Road Turnersville, NJ  08012 Internet Access: http://www.duat.com For customer service: (800)243.3828
3.5.4 Inflight weather information is available from any AFSS/FSS within radio range. The common frequency for all AFSSs is 122.2. Discrete frequencies for individual stations are listed in the Airport/Facility Directory. See paragraph 6 for information on broadcasts. En Route Flight Advisory Service (EFAS) is provided to serve the non.routine weather needs of pilots in flight. See paragraph 3.8, En Route Flight Advisory Service (EFAS), for details on this service.
3.6 Use of Aviation Weather Products
3.6.1 Air carriers and operators certificated under the provisions of 14 CFR Part 119 are required to use the aeronautical weather information systems defined in the Operations Specifications issued to that certificate holder by the FAA. These systems may utilize basic FAA/National Weather Service (NWS) weather services, contractor. or operator.propri-etary weather services and/or Enhanced Weather Information System (EWINS) when approved in the Operations Specifications.  As an integral part of this system approval, the procedures for collecting, producing and disseminating aeronautical weather information, as well as the crew member and dispatcher training to support the use of system weather products, must be accepted or approved.
3.6.2 Operators not certificated under the provisions of 14 CFR Part 119 are encouraged to use FAA/NWS products through Flight Service Stations, Direct User Access Terminal System (DUATS), and/or Flight Information Services Data Link (FISDL).
3.6.3 The suite of available aviation weather product types is expanding, with the development of new sensor systems, algorithms and forecast models. The FAA and NWS, supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the Forecast Systems Laboratory, develop and implement new aviation weather product types through a comprehensive process known as the Aviation Weather Technology Transfer process. This process ensures that user needs and technical readiness requirements are met before experimental products mature to operational application.
　
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