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fire warning.
two-way communications. Communications in which two stations transmit and receive information.
Ordinary telephone communications is an example of two-way communications.
TYP (drafting term). The word TYP on a mechanical drawing indicates that the part of the drawing
referred to is typical for more than one part. If a fastener requires six holes of the same dimensions, it is
common practice to show the dimension for one hole and mark it as “TYP FOR 6.”
type. 14 CFR Part 1:
“(1) As used with respect to the certification, ratings, privileges, and limitations of airmen, means
a specific make and model of aircraft, including modifications thereto that do not change its handling or
flight characteristics. Examples include: DC-7, 1049, and F-27; and
(2) As used with respect to the certification of aircraft, means those aircraft which are similar in
design. Examples include: DC-7 and DC-7C; 1049G and 1049H; and F-27 and F-27F.
(3) As used with respect to the certification of aircraft engines means those engines which are
similar in design. For example JT8D and JT8D-7 are engines of the same type, and JT9D-3A and JT9D-7
are engines of the same type.”
Type Certificate Data Sheets (TCDS). The official specifications of an aircraft, engine, or propeller
issued by the Federal Aviation Administration. TCDS lists pertinent specifications for the device, and it is
the responsibility of the technician and/or inspector to assure, on each inspection, that the device meets
these specifications.
TCDS replaces Aircraft Specifications which were issued to aircraft and components certificated
under the CARs (Civil Air Regulations), the forerunner of the FARs, or 14 CFRs.
typhoon (meteorology). A tropical cyclone in the eastern hemisphere with winds in excess of 65 knots.
Ty-Rap. Patented nylon straps used to tie bundles of wire together. The Ty-Rap is wrapped around the wire
bundle, and its toothed strap is passed through a loop having matching teeth. A special tool pulls the strap
tight around the bundle, and as it is pulled, the teeth on the strap and the loop mesh and lock the loop in
place. Once a Ty-Rap is pulled tight, it must be cut to remove it.
U
U-bolt. A U-shaped rod threaded on both ends. U-bolts are used to fasten round rods or pipes to a flat
surface.
UDF engine (Unducted Fan). The trade name registered by General Electric for type of ultra-high-bypass
turbofan engine that drives one or more propellers which have between 8 and 12 blades. These blades,
which are not enclosed in a duct or shroud, are very thin, have wide chords, and are highly swept back with
a scimitar shape. An Unducted Fan engine can power airplanes flying at speeds of near Mach 0.8.
UHB engine (ultrahigh-bypass). A gas turbine engine in which a fan, either ducted or unducted, has a
bypass ratio greater than 30:1.
UHF (ultrahigh frequencies) (radio frequencies). Frequencies of electromagnetic radiation between 300
and 3,000 megahertz. The wavelengths for ultrahigh frequencies range between 100 and 10 centimeters.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 603
The UHF band is between the VHF (very-high-frequency) and the SHF (super-high-frequency) bands.
ultimate load (aircraft structural specification). The amount of load that can be applied to an aircraft
structure before it fails. The limit load is the maximum load a structure is designed to carry, and the factor
of safety is the percentage of limit load the structure can actually carry before its ultimate load is reached.
A structure designed to carry a load of 1,000 pounds with a safety factor of 1.5 has an ultimate load of
1,500 pounds.
ultimate tensile strength. The tensile stress required to cause a material to break or to continue to deform
under a decreasing load.
ultrahigh frequencies. See UHF.
ultralight vehicle. An aeronautical vehicle operated under 14 CFR Part 103 for sport or recreational
purposes which does not require FAA registration, an airworthiness certificate, nor pilot certification.
Ultralights are primarily single-occupant vehicles, although some two-place vehicles are
authorized for training purposes. Operation of an ultralight vehicle in certain airspace requires authorization
from ATC.
ultrasonic cleaning. A method of cleaning mechanical components by vibrating them at an ultrasonic
frequency while soaking them in a cleaning solution.
ultrasonic frequencies. Frequencies of vibration higher than the human ear can hear. Ultrasonic
frequencies are normally considered to begin at 20,000 hertz.
ultrasonic inspection. A type of nondestructive inspection in which a piece of material is examined for
hidden flaws. Pulses of mechanical vibration at an ultrasonic frequency are passed through the part being
　
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