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airplanes, the stator windings are the coils of heavy copper wire in which the output current is produced.
stator (gas turbine engine component). The stationary portion of an axial-flow compressor in a gas
turbine engine. A stage of stator vanes is located between each stage of rotor blades. Stator vanes slow the
airflow and increase its pressure.
statute mile. A unit of linear measurement in the English system. One statute mile is equal to 5,280 feet, or
1.609 kilometers.
stay (structural member). A structural member in a truss that is loaded in tension only. Stays are usually
made of steel wire, and their length is adjusted by turnbuckles.
STC (Supplemental Type Certificate). An approval issued by the FAA for a modification to a
type-certificated airframe, engine, or component. More than one STC can be issued for the same basic
alteration, but each holder must prove to the FAA that his alteration meets all of the requirements of the
original type certificate.
steady-state condition (electrical circuit condition). The condition of an electrical circuit that exists when
all of the circuit values are constant. When some circuits are first energized, voltage or current transients
cause conditions that are not normal. The steady-state conditions can be measured only after all of these
transient conditions have stabilized.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 557
steam. Water that has been changed into its vapor state by heating it. Steam is invisible, but the cloud of
tiny droplets of water that rises above boiling water is often called steam.
steam cooling. A method of liquid cooling a reciprocating engine in which the coolant, normally water, is
allowed to absorb enough heat that it boils, or changes into steam. The steam gives up this heat when it
condenses back into a liquid.
steam fog (meteorology). Fog formed when cold air moves over relatively warm water or wet ground.
steatite. A ceramic insulating material used in making insulators for high-voltage, high-frequency radio
transmitters. Steatite is mainly a silicate of magnesium.
steel. An alloy of iron that usually contains between 0.1% and 1.5% carbon with other elements. Iron is
melted in a furnace, and air or oxygen is blown through it to combine with and get rid of the excess carbon.
After sufficient carbon has been removed, the correct amounts of such alloying elements as manganese,
molybdenum, chromium, nickel, vanadium, and tungsten are added. The steel is poured from the furnace
into ingots, which are rolled or forged into the desired shape or form.
steel wool. A mat of fine threads of steel. Steel wool is used as an abrasive to remove rust or to clean a
surface.
stellite. A nonferrous alloy of cobalt, chromium, and tungsten. Stellite is hard, wear- and
corrosion-resistant, and does not soften until its temperature is extremely high. Stellite is welded to the face
of many reciprocating engine exhaust valves that operate at very high temperatures.
step (seaplane hull design). A break in the bottom of the hull of a flying boat or seaplane float. When a
seaplane is taking off, it is rocked back and forth in the water as its speed increases until the float rides high
enough for air to pass between the water and the step. Getting a seaplane up on the step decreases the
friction of the water against the float.
step-down transformer (electrical transformer). A type of electrical transformer with more turns in the
primary winding than in the secondary. The secondary voltage of a step-down transformer is lower than the
primary voltage, but the secondary current is greater than the primary current.
stepped solvents (finishing material component). Solvents in a finishing material that have different rates
of evaporation. A finishing material thinned with stepped solvents dries evenly and slowly, as the solvents
evaporate out over a long period of time.
stepping motor. A precision electric motor whose output shaft position is changed in steps by pulses from
the control device. Stepping motors can make high-torque changes in small angular increments to their
output shaft.
stepping relay. A type of relay-operated multipole electrical switch. A relay moves the wiper, or selector,
of the switch one step at a time, as pulses of electrical energy are sent into the relay coil. Stepping relays
are used in rotary-dial telephone systems.
step stud, stepped stud. A type of stud used to replace a stud that has stripped the threads in a cast housing.
A stud is a type of threaded fastener used to fasten a component to a casting; for example, to fasten the
cylinders of an aircraft engine to the crankcase. One end of the stud has coarse threads that screw into the
soft metal of the casting. The other end has fine threads to accept a nut.
　
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