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is used, there is very little current flow in the chassis, and the interference from magnetic fields in the
chassis is avoided.
single-servo brake (aircraft brake). A type of brake installed on some aircraft that uses the momentum of
the rotating wheel to wedge the brake shoe tightly against the brake drum when the aircraft is moving in a
forward direction. A double-servo (duo-servo) brake produces a wedging action between the shoes and the
drum, whether the aircraft is moving forward or backward. A nonservo brake does not produce a wedging
action in either direction.
single-shaft turboprop engine. A turboprop engine in which the propeller reduction gears are driven by
the same shaft which drives the compressor for the gas generator.
single-shear rivet loading. A joint in which the two sheets of metal are riveted together. The rivet is
subjected to only a single shear load as the sheets try to slide past one another.
single-sideband radio transmission. A type of radio transmission in which only one of the sidebands of
the signal is transmitted. The other sideband and the carrier wave are suppressed.
single-spool turbine engine (gas turbine engine). A gas turbine engine that has only one rotating mass.
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The compressor is directly connected to the turbine, and everything rotates at the same speed. A twin-spool
turbine engine has a low-pressure compressor driven by one turbine and a high-pressure compressor driven
by another. The two compressors are linked only by the air that flows through them, and they turn at
different speeds.
single spread (adhesive application). A method of adhesive application in which the adhesive is spread on
only one of the two surfaces being joined.
single-throw switch. An electrical switch that has only two conditions, ON or OFF. In one direction of the
operating control, the contacts are open (OFF). Moving the control to the opposite position closes the
contacts (ON).
A single-pole, single-throw (SPST) switch can select one of the two conditions in one circuit, and
a double-pole, single-throw (DPST) switch can select one of the two conditions in two circuits with the
movement of a single control.
sintered metal. A type of molded metal in which powdered metal is pressed together and molded into the
desired shape while it is cold. Then the molded metal is heated to form it into a strong cohesive material.
sintering. A process in which powdered metal is heated but not quite melted and then squeezed together.
sinusoidal curve. See sine wave.
siphon. A device used to move a liquid from a container, over an edge higher than the level of the liquid,
down to a lower level. A curved tube is put into the liquid, and some form of mechanical force is applied to
start the liquid flowing through the tube. A suction is often put on the end of the tube to start the liquid
flowing.
When the flow is started, atmospheric pressure forces the liquid from the higher container into the
tube, and the weight of the liquid flowing through the tube to the lower level keeps the liquid flowing.
Sitka spruce. A tall, straight spruce tree that grows on the northern Pacific coast of North America. Sitka
spruce wood is strong, lightweight, and straight grained, and is used as the reference to which all other
aircraft structural woods are compared.
sizing (textile materials). A filler put into some types of fabric or paper to fill the pores and make the
material smooth and stiff. Starch is often put into cloth as a sizing so it will stay smooth when it is ironed.
sketch. A rough drawing made to illustrate a part or principle. Sketches are made according to regular
mechanical drawing practices, but they are usually made without the use of drawing instruments, and they
show only a minimum of detail.
skid (aircraft flight maneuver). A flight maneuver in which the aircraft is turned without using a steep
enough angle of bank. Centrifugal force caused by the turning aircraft is not opposed by enough inward lift
(from banking), and the aircraft skids out from its curved flight path away from its direction of turn. A skid
is the opposite of a slip. In a slip, the angle of bank is too steep for the rate of turn, and the aircraft slides to
the inside of the turn.
skin antenna (aircraft antenna). A type of flush antenna (an antenna even with the surface of the aircraft
skin). A part of the metal skin of the aircraft is electrically isolated by an insulating material and is used as
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the antenna conductor. Skin antennas are used on many high-speed aircraft.
skin effect (radio-frequency electrical energy). The cause of the unequal distribution of radio-frequency
　
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