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feathered by turning the blades parallel to the direction of flight. When a propeller is feathered, it does not
windmill.
window demister. A method of keeping moisture from condensing on the windows of an aircraft operating
in the cold air at high altitudes. Warm compressor bleed air is blown between the layers of transparent
material of which the windows are made.
wind shear (meteorology). A strong horizontal or vertical wind shift that acts at right angles to the
direction the wind is blowing. Wind shear, normally associated with the passage of a front, can be
dangerous if an aircraft flies through one when slowed for landing or immediately after takeoff.
windshield. A transparent glass or plastic covering used to protect the occupants of an aircraft from the
wind and rain while allowing forward vision. A windshield is also called a wind-screen.
wind sock (wind direction indicator). A long, tapered, cloth tube open at both ends. Its large end is
supported and held open by a steel ring mounted in a bearing so it is free to turn. Wind socks are mounted
on tall poles so they can catch the wind and stream out in the direction the wind is blowing.
Wind socks are normally made of vividly colored cloth and are used on airports and heliports to
show the pilot of an arriving aircraft the direction from which the wind is blowing.
wind tunnel testing. A method of determining the aerodynamic characteristics of an aircraft design. An
accurate scale model of the aircraft is made and mounted in the wind tunnel on a series of balances, or
scales.
Wind of an accurately controlled speed is blown across the model, and the balances measure the
amount of lift and drag produced by the model at different wind speeds and angles of attack.
wing (aircraft component). The part of a heavier-than-air aircraft that produces aerodynamic lift to
support the aircraft in the air against the force of gravity. The wing of an airplane, a fixed-wing aircraft, is
attached rigidly to the aircraft structure, but the wing of a helicopter, a rotor-wing aircraft, is mounted on a
mast and is rotated by the engine.
wing area (aircraft wing dimensions). The total surface area of an airplane wing. Wing area is usually
measured in square feet, and it is found by multiplying the span of the wing by its chord.
wing chord (aircraft wing dimension). The width of a wing, or the distance from the leading edge to the
trailing edge.
wing fences. Vertical vanes that extend chordwise across the upper surface of an airplane wing to prevent
spanwise airflow.
wing fillet (aircraft structural component). A streamlined fairing installed between the root of an
airplane wing and the fuselage. Wing fillets smooth the airflow where the wing joins the fuselage and
reduce the drag caused by this junction.
wing flaps (airplane secondary controls). An auxiliary control on an airplane that can be lowered to
increase both the lift and drag the wing produces. Wing flaps are partially lowered for takeoff to allow the
airplane to leave the ground at a slow speed. They are fully lowered for landing to allow the airplane to
make a steep approach without building up excessive speed.
See plain flap, split flap, slotted flap, Fowler flap, triple-slotted flap.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 631
wing heavy (flight condition). An out-of-trim condition in which an airplane flies, hands off, with one
wing low. A wing-heavy condition is normally corrected by changing the rigging of the wing or by the
deflection of one of the trim tabs.
winglet (tip fin). 14 CFR Part 1: “An out-of-plane surface extending from a lifting surface. The surface
may or may not have control surfaces.”
wing loading (aircraft performance measure). The amount of load each square foot of airplane wing area
must support. Wing loading is found by dividing the maximum weight of the aircraft, in pounds, by the
total area of the wing, in square feet.
wing nut. An internally threaded fastener with two wings protruding from its sides. The wings allow the
nut to be turned onto a bolt using only the fingers. No provision is made for turning a wing nut with a
wrench.
wing panel (airplane structural component). A removable section of an airplane wing. Most airplane
wings are made in panels, with a left and a right panel attached to a center section. The center section is
often a part of the fuselage.
wing rib (aircraft component). The structural member in an aircraft wing that gives the wing its
aerodynamically correct cross-sectional shape. Wing ribs are mounted across the wing spars and are
covered with thin sheets of metal, plywood, or cloth fabric.
wing span (aircraft wing dimension). The length of an aircraft wing, or the distance from one wing tip to
　
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